Chat with us, powered by LiveChat 1 . Read chapter 3 in your textbook  2. Review the recorded lecture and power point. Groups in the | Credence Writers
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1 . Read chapter 3 in your textbook 

2. Review the recorded lecture and power point.

Groups in the social environment

 This week we delve into our first system in the social environment—“GROUPS.” 

Generalists spend a great deal of time working with others in organizations and communities; therefore, an understanding of human behavior in groups is required. The better one’s understanding of group dynamics, the more effective one will be as a group member or leader. Generalists also need to understand how task groups work in order to be effective group members or leaders.

 This week, we will discusses eight conceptual frameworks that help explain how the group system functions in the macro social environment. We also will discuss six concepts that characterize task group dynamics. 

Discussion

What makes a social worker a generalist?  As a generalist, why is it important to understand how people behave in group settings? Do you think group considerations make the generalist’s job easier or harder? Why or why not?   Consider an effective group to which you belong or have belonged in the past. What made the group seem effective to you? What changes might have made things better? Which conceptual framework do you think is most useful for understanding groups? Explain the conceptual framework you chose and why.

Post your own initial post and Post 2 replies to two different classmates.

and educational specialists. The group’s task is to evaluate the adequacy of living

conditions for residents. Plans include assessment of various institutional facets

including: furniture and paint conditions throughout the institution; food preparation and

quality; transportation availability for residents (e.g., to meet health care and recreational

needs); regularity of treatment plan updates; and general staff conduct toward residents.

Ultimately, the group will make recommendations to the agency’s administration for

improvements.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

e. Suzie is a social worker at a homeless shelter. There she belongs to an internal agency

group that includes a physician, nurse, psychologist, in-house living supervisor, and

vocational counselor. Together, the group works with incoming homeless families,

conducting individual and family assessments. Their initial plans involve meeting

families’ immediate health and survival needs. Long-term planning focuses on permanent

housing, access to health care, vocational planning, and counseling needs. They work

collaboratively and interdependently to conduct assessments, and to develop and

implement treatment plans. Suzie’s been working with the group for almost six years

now. She thinks they function together pretty well as they’re used to each other’s little

personality quirks.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

f. Juji, a social worker at a county social services department, organized a group of

neighborhood center residents to seek support for a summer sports and recreation

program for community youth. The group’s goal is to persuade elected county officials who have relevant power to divert some funds to the center so that volunteers might develop and run the program. This group is an example of a(n) _________________. What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

Week 3: Thinking about P ower Sources (Chapter 3)

Objectives

 To identify the five types of power sources.

 To “critique and apply knowledge [about power] to understand person and environment”

by appraising what power sources are evident in a range of scenarios.

Instructions

1. Discuss what types of power (legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, and expert) are reflected

in the following situations and why:

a. Forrest Gump, an army private serving in the 1960s Vietnam war, saves his wounded

colleagues by carrying them from the battleground under attack to safety.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

b. An ophthalmologist who specializes in retinal transplants determines whether a patient

would benefit from surgery or not.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

c. One of your instructors informs the class that no students will probably be capable of

getting an “A” in the class. You are neither impressed nor do you have much r espect for

this instructor’s capabilities.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

d. You have been invited to attend a governor’s dinner party as a student representative of

your social work program. The governor is not of the political party you support.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

e. Your boss, the assistant manager at Petey’s Pizza Palace, gives you a hefty raise for

performance in your part -time job. You respect her and feel she has good communication

skills.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

f. A famous poet signs copies of his most recently published book at one of his

presentations that you attend. You really d on’t care for his poetry very much and are not

at all interested in getting his autograph.

o Which source(s) of power apply:

o Explain why you selected your answer(s):

Week 3: Thinking about Power Sources (Chapter 3)

Objectives

· To identify the five types of power sources.

· To “critique and apply knowledge [about power] to understand person and environment” by appraising what power sources are evident in a range of scenarios.

Instructions

1. Discuss what types of power (
legitimate, reward, coercive, referent, and expert)
are reflected in the following situations and why:

a. Forrest Gump, an army private serving in the 1960s Vietnam war, saves his wounded colleagues by carrying them from the battleground under attack to safety.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

b. An ophthalmologist who specializes in retinal transplants determines whether a patient would benefit from surgery or not.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

c. One of your instructors informs the class that no students will probably be capable of getting an “A” in the class. You are neither impressed nor do you have much respect for this instructor’s capabilities.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

d. You have been invited to attend a governor’s dinner party as a student representative of your social work program. The governor is not of the political party you support.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

e. Your boss, the assistant manager at Petey’s Pizza Palace, gives you a hefty raise for performance in your part-time job. You respect her and feel she has good communication skills.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

f. A famous poet signs copies of his most recently published book at one of his presentations that you attend. You really don’t care for his poetry very much and are not at all interested in getting his autograph.

· Which source(s) of power apply:

· Explain why you selected your answer(s):

Week 3: What Type of Group is This? (Chapter 4)

Objectives

 Assess a variety of task group scenarios.

 Discuss what makes various types of task groups unique.

 “Critique and apply knowledge [about task groups] to understand person and

environment.”

Instructions

1. Review the material on task groups.

2. Read the following group scenarios, identify what type of group they represent, and

indicate what aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was.

Types of task groups include: teams; treatment conferences; administrative groups;

delegate councils; committees; and social action groups.

a. Chandra, the supervisor of a hospital social work unit, is a member of a group comprised

of the hospital director, the head nursing supervisor, and the physical therapy supervisor.

Their purpose is to evaluate the hospital’s policies regarding job expectations for

members of each professional group and make recommendations for changes.

This group is an example of a(n) ________________ _.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

b. George, a social worker at a group home for adults with chronic mental disorders,

1

is

leading a one-time group meeting on behalf of Harry, one of the group home’s resid ents.

George is responsible for calling together the home care supervisor, psychiatrist, and

daytime care counselors to discuss Harry’s case. George will formulate an agenda for the

meeting, lead the discussion, solicit feedback from participants, assist t he group in

establishing intervention plans, and write up the final report including recommendations.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

c. Alphonso, a school social worker, was elected by the other workers in his school district

to serve as a representative to the state’s School Social Work Advocacy Association. This

group meets in the state capitol four times each year to identify common issues, discuss

concerns, and make recommendations to state legislators that advocate for school policy

improvements.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

d. Grace, a school social worker at a large residential facility for people with cognitive

disabilities, is a member of the agency’s Facilities Improvement Group. The group

includes representatives from various other agency units such as adult care counselors

Week 3: What Type of Group is This? (Chapter 4)

Objectives

· Assess a variety of task group scenarios.

· Discuss what makes various types of task groups unique.

· “Critique and apply knowledge [about task groups] to understand person and environment.”

Instructions

1. Review the material on task groups.

2. Read the following group scenarios, identify what type of group they represent, and indicate what aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was. Types of task groups include: teams; treatment conferences; administrative groups; delegate councils; committees; and social action groups.

a. Chandra, the supervisor of a hospital social work unit, is a member of a group comprised of the hospital director, the head nursing supervisor, and the physical therapy supervisor. Their purpose is to evaluate the hospital’s policies regarding job expectations for members of each professional group and make recommendations for changes.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

b. George, a social worker at a group home for adults with chronic mental disorders,[footnoteRef:1] is leading a one-time group meeting on behalf of Harry, one of the group home’s residents. George is responsible for calling together the home care supervisor, psychiatrist, and daytime care counselors to discuss Harry’s case. George will formulate an agenda for the meeting, lead the discussion, solicit feedback from participants, assist the group in establishing intervention plans, and write up the final report including recommendations. [1: ]

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

c. Alphonso, a school social worker, was elected by the other workers in his school district to serve as a representative to the state’s School Social Work Advocacy Association. This group meets in the state capitol four times each year to identify common issues, discuss concerns, and make recommendations to state legislators that advocate for school policy improvements.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

d. Grace, a school social worker at a large residential facility for people with cognitive disabilities, is a member of the agency’s Facilities Improvement Group. The group includes representatives from various other agency units such as adult care counselors and educational specialists. The group’s task is to evaluate the adequacy of living conditions for residents. Plans include assessment of various institutional facets including: furniture and paint conditions throughout the institution; food preparation and quality; transportation availability for residents (e.g., to meet health care and recreational needs); regularity of treatment plan updates; and general staff conduct toward residents. Ultimately, the group will make recommendations to the agency’s administration for improvements.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

e. Suzie is a social worker at a homeless shelter. There she belongs to an internal agency group that includes a physician, nurse, psychologist, in-house living supervisor, and vocational counselor. Together, the group works with incoming homeless families, conducting individual and family assessments. Their initial plans involve meeting families’ immediate health and survival needs. Long-term planning focuses on permanent housing, access to health care, vocational planning, and counseling needs. They work collaboratively and interdependently to conduct assessments, and to develop and implement treatment plans. Suzie’s been working with the group for almost six years now. She thinks they function together pretty well as they’re used to each other’s little personality quirks.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

f. Juji, a social worker at a county social services department, organized a group of neighborhood center residents to seek support for a summer sports and recreation program for community youth. The group’s goal is to persuade elected county officials who have relevant power to divert some funds to the center so that volunteers might develop and run the program.

This group is an example of a(n) _________________.

What aspects of the group helped you to determine what type of group it was?

Chapter 3

Human Behavior in Groups: Theories and Dynamics

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1

Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

What is a conceptual Framework?

*Also referred to as a theory or a theoretical perspective

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Conceptual frameworks for Groups

Field Theory

Social Exchange Theory

Learning Theory

Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Psychoanalytic Theory

Systems Theory

Empowerment Theory

Feminist Theory

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Field Theory

The group is an entity moving through its immediate environment in pursuit of its goals.

Stresses the importance of examining the relationship of the group to its environment.

Emphasis is on how the group functions to achieve the goals

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Field Theory

Valences

Cohesion

Field Theory-Three types of leadership

Authoritarian leadership

Democratic leadership

Laissez-faire leadership

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Field Theory-Internal Group Interactions

Role

Norms

Power

Consensus

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Social Exchange Theory

Social exchange

Rewards

Costs

Emphasis is on the individual within the group context

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Social Exchange Theory- Assumptions

Relationships are interdependent (ability to give and take)

Fairness

Trust and commitment (relationships become more predictable and stable over time)

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Learning Theory (Applies to treatment groups)

Respondent conditioning

Modeling (social learning)

Operant conditioning

Reinforcement

Positive reinforcement

Negative reinforcement

Punishment

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Cognitive-Behavioral Theory

Cognition

Modeling

Behavioral rehearsal

Social (positive) reinforcement

Cognitive restructuring

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Psychoanalytic Theory (Applies mostly to treatment groups)

Id

Ego

Superego

Defense mechanism

Insight

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Systems Theory

System, subsystems

Boundaries

Homeostasis

Relationship

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Systems Theory

System, subsystems

Boundaries

Homeostasis

Relationship

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Systems Theory

Balance between Task and Socio-Emotional Functions

Group Functioning

Group activities

Interactions

Sentiments

Norms

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Systems Theory- 4 Primary Objectives

Integration—members fit and work together

Pattern maintenance—members adhere to basic processes and procedures

Goal attainment—members strive to achieve their tasks and goals

Adaptation—members continuously adjust to their changing environments

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Empowerment Theory

Social Justice

All people have the right to enjoy equal opportunities in economic, political, environmental and social realms.

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Empowerment Theory

Consciousness Raising (see also Feminism)

Mutual Aid

Power

The ability to move people on a chosen course to produce an effect or achieve some goal.

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Empowerment Theory

Multicultural Socialization

Leaders must empower member differences and recognize that there are multiple ways to achieve a group’s goals

Socialization

Group cohesion

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Feminist Theories

Emphasis is on the liberation of women and girls from gender based discrimination.

Women’s self-determination to make one’s own decisions.

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Feminist Theories

Liberal feminism

Emphasis is on individual, rights, freedom, choice and privacy

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Feminist Theories

Socialist feminism

Emphasis is on the economic aspects of women’s lives

Marxist

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Feminist Theories

Radical feminism

Male domination has manifested itself in gender roles and family relationships, heterosexuality, and violence against women.

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups

Feminist Theories

Postmodern feminism

Accounts for differences among women based on age, race, culture, national, origin, ability and other attributes.

Gender is a continuum

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Conceptual Frameworks and Theories Concerning Groups (10 of 10)

Feminist Theories

Common Themes

Using a Gender Filter

Assuming a Pro-Woman Perspective

Empowerment

Consciousness Raising

The Personal as Political

The Importance of Process

Unity in Diversity

Validation

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Understanding Groups in the Macro Social Environment: Group Dynamics (1 of 2)

Communication

Positive Verbal Communication in Effective Task Groups

Nonverbal Communication in Task Groups

Cross-Cultural Differences in Communication

Barriers to Communication

Self-Disclosure

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Understanding Groups in the Macro Social Environment: Group Dynamics (2 of 2)

Interpersonal Interaction

Norms

Roles

Group Cohesiveness

Power and Status

Possible sources of power in groups

Legitimate

Reward

Coercive

Referent

Expert

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Leadership in Task Groups (1 of 3)

Leadership and Power

“Leader-Directed” versus “Group-Directed” Leadership

Task-Related versus Relationship-Related Approaches to Leadership

Task-Oriented Group Leaders

Relationship-Oriented Group Leaders: Which is Best?

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Leadership in Task Groups (2 of 3)

Personality Traits of Effective Group Leaders

Self-Confidence

Appropriate Humility

Intelligence

Determination

Trustworthiness

Sociability and Emotional Intelligence

Flexibility

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Leadership in Task Groups (3 of 3)

Leadership Skills

Promoting Group Functioning

Collecting and Assessing Information

Taking Action

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Stages of Task Group Development

Stage 1: Task Group Composition

Stage 2: Beginnings

Stage 3: Assessment

Stage 4: Stabilization and Working

Stage 5: Endings and Evaluation

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