WEEK 7 SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS In chapter 13, we explo

WEEK 7 SOCIAL WORK WITH GROUPS

In chapter 13, we explore various specialized treatment groups for adolescents, older adults and clients experiencing domestic violence, eating disorders or grief. After reading chapter 13, respond to the questions below:

1. The authors of the textbook use the term “vulnerable” to describe the clients featured in this chapter. Evaluate the use of this term. Do you think that this is the most appropriate/applicable term to use for these groups? Explain your answer.

2. What other types of specialized treatment groups would you like to see covered in this chapter?

3. The exercises in this chapter feature activities that can be used to engage clients in each of the 5 types discussed. Upon reading through the chapter and each exercise, chose one exercise for each group to evaluate. For your selected exercise:

a. gives an overview of the purpose of the exercise and then provide 2 pros and 2 cons of using the selected exercise with that population.

***Be sure to cite your textbook in your response and give a reference note at the end. Respond to two classmates.

Make your initial discussion post (fully cited in APA style with a reference note)

Australia ● Brazil ● Mexico ● Singapore ● United Kingdom ● United States

Tenth edition

Charles H. Zastrow, MSW, PhD
Professor Emeritus
University of Wisconsin–Whitewater

Sarah L. Hessenauer
Associate Professor
University of Wisconsin–Whitewater

Social Work
with Groups

C O M P R E H E N S I V E P R A C T I C E
A N D S E L F – C A R E

empowerment series

Copyright 2019 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.

Printed in the United States of America
Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2017

Social Work with Groups: Comprehensive
Practice And Self-Care, Tenth Edition
Charles H. Zastrow and Sarah L. Hessenauer

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WCN: 02-300

To Kathy, My wife and soul mate

Contents
Preface xv
About the Authors xxi

Chapter 1
Groups: Types and Stages
of Development 1
Historical Development of Group Work 1

Settlement Houses 1
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA) 2

Types of Groups 3
Social Conversation 3
Recreation/Skill Building 3
Education 3
Task 4
Problem Solving and Decision Making 5
Focus 5
Self-Help and Mutual Aid 5
Socialization 7
Treatment 8

Common Types of Treatment Groups 8
Psychoeducational Groups 8
Symptom Management Groups 9
Anger Management Groups 9
Life Skills Groups 9
Social Skills Groups 9
Process Groups 10
Stress Management Groups 10
Specialty Groups 10
Sensitivity and Encounter Training 13

Initial Development of Groups 15
Determining Objectives 15
Size 15
Open-Ended versus Closed-Ended Groups 16
Duration 16

Stages of Groups 17
Intake 17
Selection of Members 17
Assessment and Planning 17
Group Development and Intervention 18
Evaluation and Termination 18

Models of Group Development Over Time 18
Garland, Jones, and Kolodny Model 18
EXERCISE 1.1 The Garland, Jones, and Kolodny Model 20
Tuckman Model 20
EXERCISE 1.2 The Tuckman Model 21
Northen and Kurland Model 21
EXERCISE 1.3 The Northen and Kurland Model 22
Sequential-Stage Models of Group Development 22
Bales Model 23

Group Cohesion 23
EXERCISE 1.4 Variables that Affect Group Cohesion 24

Membership and Reference Groups 25
Breaking the Ice 26

EXERCISE 1.5 Understanding Membership and Reference
Groups 26

Experiential Learning 27
Ethics and Guidelines for Conducting Exercises 27
Pitfalls to Avoid in Conducting Class Exercises 29

Summary 29
Group Exercises 29

EXERCISE A Getting Acquainted 29
EXERCISE B Introducing to a Partner 30
EXERCISE C Personal Expectations for the Group 30
EXERCISE D Searching for Descriptors 30
EXERCISE E Why I Decided to Be a Social Worker 31

Competency Notes 31
Key Terms and Concepts 31

Chapter 2
Social Group Work
and Social Work Practice 32
Definition of Social Work 32
Relationship Between Social Work and Social

Welfare 33
What Is the Profession of Social Work? 34
Generalist Social Work Practice 34

EXERCISE 2.1 Your Areas of Interest in Social Work 35
A Variety of Roles 36

Enabler 36

vi Contents

Broker 36
Advocate 36
Empowerer 37
Activist 37
Mediator 37
Negotiator 37
Educator 37
Initiator 38
Coordinator 38
Researcher 38
Group Facilitator 38
Public Speaker 38

A Systems Perspective 38
EXERCISE 2.2 Your Interest in Various Social Work Roles 39

Medical Model Versus Ecological Model 40
Medical Model 40
EXERCISE 2.3 Understanding the Major Mental
Disorders 41
Ecological Model 41
EXERCISE 2.4 Understanding the Medical Model and the
Ecological Model 44

Goals of Social Work Practice 44
Goal 1: Enhance the Clients’ Problem-Solving, Coping,
and Developmental Capacities 44
Goal 2: Link Clients with Systems that Provide Resources,
Services, and Opportunities 44
Goal 3: Promote the Effective and Humane Operation of
Systems that Provide Resources and Services 45
Goal 4: Develop and Improve Social Policy 45
Goal 5: Promote Human and Community Well-Being 45
EXERCISE 2.5 Your Interest in Achieving the Goals of Social
Work 46
EXERCISE 2.6 Applying the Problem-Solving Approach 47

A Problem-Solving Approach 47
Strengths Perspective 47

EXERCISE 2.7 The Strengths Perspective Applied to a
Homeless Family 50

Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Practice 51
Social Casework 51
Case Management 51
Group Work 52
Group Treatment 53
Family Treatment 53
Community Organization 53
Policy Analysis 54
EXERCISE 2.8 Identifying Your Interest in Various Social Work
Activities 54
Administration 55

Knowledge, Skills, and Values Needed for Social
Work Practice 55
Social Work Competencies 55

Social Group Work as a Component of Social
Work Practice 59

Summary 59

Group Exercises 60
EXERCISE A Options Planning 60
EXERCISE B Social Work with Groups and Generalist
Practice 61
EXERCISE C Assessing Social Work Competencies and
Behaviors in Field Placement 62
EXERCISE D Social Work Value Issues 66
EXERCISE E Olga and Igor 69
EXERCISE F Genie and the Magic Lantern 69
EXERCISE G Pregnancy and Tragedy 70

Competency Notes 70
Key Terms and Concepts 71

Chapter 3
Group Dynamics:
Leadership 72
Approaches to Leadership 72

The Trait Approach 72
EXERCISE 3.1 The Charismatic Leader 74
The Position Approach 74
The Leadership-Style Approach 75
EXERCISE 3.2 Machiavellian Leaders 75
The Distributed-Functions Approach 76
EXERCISE 3.3 Authoritarian, Democratic,
and Laissez-Faire Leaders 77
Servant Leadership Approach 77
EXERCISE 3.4 Applying the Distributed-Functions
Approach 78
EXERCISE 3.5 Servant Leaders 79

Leadership Roles 80
Task and Maintenance Roles 80
Other Roles 81
EXERCISE 3.6 Your Task and Maintenance Contributions
to a Group 82

Power and Influence in Groups 82
Power Bases in Groups 83

Reward Power 83
Coercive Power 84
Legitimate Power 84
Referent Power 84
Expert Power 84
EXERCISE 3.7 The Power Bases in This Class 85

Effects of Unequal Power 86
Coleadership of a Group 87

Advantages 87
EXERCISE 3.8 Groups of Equal Power and Unequal
Power 88
Disadvantages 89

Guidelines for Forming and Leading a
Group 89

Contents vii

Homework 89
Planning a Session 91
Relaxing Before You Start a Meeting 91
Cues upon Entering the Meeting Room 92
Seating Arrangements 92
Introductions 92
Clarifying Roles 93
Agenda 93
Additional Guidelines for Leading a Group 93

Standards for Social Work Practice with
Groups 94

Strengths-Based Leadership 101
Summary 101
Group Exercises 102

EXERCISE A Desensitizing Fears of Leading a Group 102
EXERCISE B Task Functions and Group Maintenance
Functions 102
EXERCISE C Power Bases 103
EXERCISE D Leading a Group 104

Competency Notes 104
Key Terms and Concepts 105

Chapter 4
Group Dynamics:
Goals and Norms 106
Setting Personal and Group Goals 106

Personal Goals 107
EXERCISE 4.1 Identifying Your Personal Goals 107

Hidden Agendas 108
EXERCISE 4.2 Hidden Agendas and Their Effects 108

Establishing Group Goals 109
Operational and Measurable Goals 110
EXERCISE 4.3 Group Goals and Personal Goals in This
Class 111

Competition Versus Cooperation 112
EXERCISE 4.4 The Effects of a Competitive Group
Member 113

The Nominal Group Approach 114
Group Norms 115

How Norms Are Learned and Developed 116
EXERCISE 4.5 Group Norms in This Class 117

Conformity 118
EXERCISE 4.6 Your Yielding to Group Pressure 120
Do’s and Don’ts of Norms 121
EXERCISE 4.7 Understanding Idiosyncrasy Credits 121
Problems of Conformity 122

Types of Disruptive Behavior 122
The Bear 122
The Eager Beaver 122
The Clown 123

The Psychoanalyzer 123
The Withholder 123
The Beltliner 124
The Guiltmaker 124
The Catastrophe Crier 124
The Subject Changer 124
The Whiner 124
The Benedict Arnold 124
The Trivial Tyrannizer 124
The Shirker 124
The Power Grabber 125
The Paranoiac 125

Handling Disruptive Behavior 125
Minimizing Disruptiveness 125
Leader Confrontation 126
Group Confrontation 126

Reducing the Likelihood of Disruptive
Behavior 127
EXERCISE 4.8 Handling Disruptive Behavior of a Group
Member 128

Summary 129
Group Exercises 130

EXERCISE A Setting Personal and Group Goals 130
EXERCISE B A Sphinx Foundation Grant 131
EXERCISE C The Nominal Group Approach 131
EXERCISE D Identifying and Changing Group Norms 132
EXERCISE E An Ornery Instructor 133
EXERCISE F How Group Decisions Affect Values 133
EXERCISE G Confrontation and I-Messages 135
EXERCISE H Confronting and Being Confronted by
Others 135

Competency Notes 136
Key Terms and Concepts 137

Chapter 5
Verbal and Nonverbal
Communication 138
A Model of Communication 138

One-Way Communication 139
Two-Way Communication 140
EXERCISE 5.1 The Emotional Effects of One-Way
Communication 141
Culture and Communication 142

Perception 142
The Perceptual Process 142
Physiological Influences 143
Sociopsychological Influences 144
EXERCISE 5.2 Using Defense Mechanisms 146
EXERCISE 5.3 Defensive Communication 147

Self-Disclosure 149
The Johari Window 150

viii Contents

EXERCISE 5.4 Feeling Good After Self-Disclosure 150
EXERCISE 5.5 Johari Windows 152

How to Communicate Effectively 153
Sender 153
Receiver 153
Listening Skills 154
Active Listening 154
I-Messages 155
EXERCISE 5.6 Learning to Use I-Messages 156
Collisions of Values 157
Technology and Groups 157
EXERCISE 5.7 Resolving Collisions of Values 158

Nonverbal Communication 159
Functions of Nonverbal Communication 159
EXERCISE 5.8 Interpreting Nonverbal Cues 160
Forms of Nonverbal Communication 161
Personal Boundaries 165
Territoriality 166
Voice 167
Physical Appearance 167
EXERCISE 5.9 Reading Nonverbal Cues 168
Environment 169
Other Nonverbal Cues 170

Summary 170
Group Exercises 171

EXERCISE A The Johari Window 171
EXERCISE B Defense Mechanisms 171
EXERCISE C Distortions in Transmitting Information 171
EXERCISE D The Intruder 172
EXERCISE E Active Listening 173
EXERCISE F My Nonverbal Communication 173
EXERCISE G Nonverbal Cues 174
EXERCISE H A Popular Faculty Member 174
EXERCISE I Double Messages 174
EXERCISE J The Flat Tire 175
EXERCISE K Communicating While Blindfolded 175
EXERCISE L Giving and Receiving Feedback About
Nonverbal Communication 176
EXERCISE M Zones of Personal Space 176

Competency Notes 177
Key Terms and Concepts 177

Chapter 6
Task Groups 178
A Variety of Task Groups 178
Guidelines for Leading Task Groups 179

Establishing the Group’s Purpose 179
Potential Sponsorship of the Task Group 179
Selecting Potential Members 179
Recruiting Members 179
Size of the Group 179
Orienting Members to the Group 180

Meeting Place and Room 180
First Meeting 180
Working with Resistive and Disruptive Members 180
The Middle Stages 181
Adjourning a Meeting 181
Evaluating and Terminating 181
EXERCISE 6.1 Successful and Unsuccessful Group
Experiences 182

Problem-Solving Approach 183
Identification and Definition 183
Assessment of Size and Causes 184
Development of Alternative Strategies 184
Assessment of Strategies 184
Selection and Implementation 184
Evaluation 184

Barriers to Effective Problem Solving 185
Inadequate Definitions 185
Invalid Hypotheses 185
Poor Communication 185
Lack of Skills 185
Lack of Resources 185
Lack of Motivation 185
Personality Differences 186

Brainstorming 186
Conflict 187
Techniques for Resolving Conflicts 187

Win-Lose Approach 187
EXERCISE 6.2 My Tolerance for Conflicts 188
No-Lose Problem Solving 189
Role Reversal 190
EXERCISE 6.3 Creativity Inspired by Conflict 191
Empathy 191
Inquiry 191
I-Messages 192
Disarming 192
Stroking 192
Letting Go or Forgiving 192
Mediation 192
EXERCISE 6.4 Disarming and Stroking 193
What If These Strategies Do Not Work? 195

Intergroup Conflict 196
EXERCISE 6.5 Resolving Your Conflicts Effectively 196

Decision Making 199
The Bases of Decisions 199

Approaches to Decision Making 200
Consensus 200
Simple Majority Vote 201
Two-Thirds or Three-Fourths Majority Vote 201
Delegated Decisions 202
Multiple Voting 202
Averaging Individual Opinions 203

Group Versus Individual Decision Making 203
Groupthink 204

EXERCISE 6.6 My Groupthink Experience 205

Contents ix

Summary 206
Group Exercises 207

EXERCISE A Suspended from High School 207
EXERCISE B Brainstorming 208
EXERCISE C Busing to Achieve Racial Integration 208
EXERCISE D Creative Thinking 210
EXERCISE E The Manhattan Glass 210
EXERCISE F Brainteasers 211
EXERCISE G Resolving Conflicts 212
EXERCISE H Funding Social Programs Involves Hard
Choices 213
EXERCISE I Consensus 214
EXERCISE J Subjective Influences on Merit Raises 214

Competency Notes 216
Key Terms and Concepts 216

Chapter 7
Working with Diverse
Groups 217
Definitions of Key Terms 217

EXERCISE 7.1 Some of My Stereotypes 219
Stereotyping and Multiculturalism:

A Perspective 221
Your Stereotypes and Preconceptions 222

EXERCISE 7.2 Questionnaire about Gays and Lesbians 223
Knowledge About Diverse Groups 225
Working with the LGBTIQQ Population in

Groups 228
Posture of Reciprocity 229
Which Intervention Techniques Work? 229

EXERCISE 7.3 Victimized in Iran 230
Anger Management 231
Cultural Communication 231

Ethnic-Sensitive Practice 233
Empowerment 234
Strengths Perspective 234

Culturally Competent Practice 234
EXERCISE 7.4 Cultural Competence in Social Work
Practice 235

Cultural Humility 236
The Rap Framework Fob Leading Multiracial

Groups 238
Recognize 238
Anticipate 239
Problem-Solve 239

Feminist Intervention 240
Principles of Feminist Therapy 241
EXERCISE 7.5 Feminist Intervention 243
Using Feminist Intervention in Groups 243

Group Development Stages in Women’s
Groups 245
Second Stage—Establishing a Relational Base 246
Third Stage—Mutuality and Interpersonal Empathy 246
Fourth Stage—Challenge and Change 246

Summary 246
Group Exercises 248

EXERCISE A Coming Out of the Closet 248
EXERCISE B Spaceship to Futura 248
EXERCISE C Feminist Intervention in Counseling 249
EXERCISE D Are You a Feminist? 249
EXERCISE E Double Standards 250
EXERCISE F Understanding Stereotypes 250

Competency Notes 251
Key Terms and Concepts 251

Chapter 8
Self-Help Groups 252
Mended Hearts: An Example 252
Definition and Characteristics 253
Classification of Self-Help Groups 254

Katz and Bender Classification 254
Powell Classification 255

Benefits of Self-Help Groups 255
Linkage with Social Workers 256

EXERCISE 8.1 Merits and Shortcomings of a Self-Help
Group 257

Starting a Self-Help Group 258
Online Self-Help Groups 260

EXERCISE 8.2 Checking Out Outline Self-Help Groups 261
EXERCISE 8.3 Using the American Self-Help Group
Clearinghouse 263

Summary 264
Group Exercises 265

EXERCISE A Alcoholics Anonymous 265
EXERCISE B Combating Terrorism 265

Competency Notes 265
Key Term and Concept 265

Chapter 9
Social Work with
Families 266
Diversity of Family Forms 266

EXERCISE 9.1 Composition and Strengths of My
Family 268

Societal Functions of Families 269

x Contents

Family Assessment 269
The Eco-Map 269
EXERCISE 9.2 An Eco-Map of My Family 272
The Genogram 272
EXERCISE 9.3 A Genogram of My Family 275

Aspects of Families for Workers
to Focus On 276
Verbal Communication Patterns 277
EXERCISE 9.4 Analyzing Verbal Communication Patterns in
Families 278
Nonverbal Communication Patterns 279
EXERCISE 9.5 Analyzing Nonverbal Communication Patterns
in Families 279
Family Roles of Members 280
Personal Goals and Family Goals 280
EXERCISE 9.6 Functional Roles and Problematic Roles in
Families 281
EXERCISE 9.7 Personal Goals, Family Goals, and Hidden
Agendas 282
Norms and Cultural Values 283
EXERCISE 9.8 Norms and Cultural Values in Families 284

Family Problems and Social Work Services 286
Family Problems 286
EXERCISE 9.9 Challenges Faced by My Family 287
Social Work Services 288

Summary 292
Group Exercises 292

EXERCISE A Family Counseling 292
EXERCISE B You and Your Family 293
EXERCISE C Analyzing Your Family in Terms of Group
Concepts 294

Competency Notes 295
Key Term and Concept 296

Chapter 10
Organizations, Communities,
and Groups 297
Organizations 297
The Relationship Between a Group and

an Organization 298
EXERCISE 10.1 Refuting Our Organizational Myths 298

Models of Organizations 299
The Autocratic Model 299
The Custodial Model 300
EXERCISE 10.2 Working for an Autocratic Boss 300
The Scientific Management Model 302
The Human Relations Model 302
Theory X and Theory Y 303
The Collegial Model 304
EXERCISE 10.3 Working for Theory X versus Theory Y
Managers 304

Theory Z 306
Management by Objectives 306
Total Quality Management 307
EXERCISE 10.4 Applying Concepts of Models
of Organizations 308

The Relevance of Theory X and Theory Y
for Social Workers 309

Knopf ’s Bureaucratic System Model and
Theory X 310
EXERCISE 10.5 Your Orientation toward Bureaucratic
Systems 313

Organizational Effectiveness: Structure Versus
Leadership Competency 314

Communities, Organizations, and Groups 315
EXERCISE 10.6 Enjoying and Appreciating a
Community 316
EXERCISE 10.7 Analyzing Your Home Community 318

Models of Community Practice 319
Locality Development Model 319
Social Planning Model 319
Social-Action Model 320

Building and Sustaining Community
Assets 323

Skills for Macro Practice 323
Evaluating Outcomes 325
Fundraising 325
Budgeting 326
Working with the Media 326
Conducting a Needs Assessment 326

Summary 327
Group Exercises 328

EXERCISE A Analyzing a Human Services Organization 328
EXERCISE B Understanding and Applying Models of
Organizations 329
EXERCISE C Theory X and Theory Y 329
EXERCISE D Appreciating Communities 329
EXERCISE E Analyzing a Community 329
EXERCISE F Analyzing Community Change 330
Questions 330
Competency Notes 330
Key Terms and Concepts 331

Chapter 11
Educational Groups: With
a Focus on Self-Care 332
Educational Groups 332
Define Self-Care 332
Importance of Managing Stress 333
Conceptualizing Stress 333

Contents xi

EXERCISE 11.1 My Physiological Reactions to High Levels
of Stress 334
Reactions to Stress 335
Stressors 335
EXERCISE 11.2 My Stress-Related Illnesses 336
Optimal Levels of Stress 337

Long-Term Distress 337
EXERCISE 11.3 Events and Self-Talk as
Stressors 339

Burnout 341
EXERCISE 11.4 A Time When I Burned Out 342
Structural Causes of Burnout 342
Burnout and Compassion Fatigue 344

Managing Stress 344
Goal Setting and Time Management 344
Set Goals 345
Prioritize Goals 345
List Tasks for A Goals 345
Prioritize Tasks 346
Schedule Tasks 346
EXERCISE 11.5 My High-Value Goals and
Tasks 346
Relaxation 347
Mindfulness 348
Exercise 349
Taking Care of Your Physical Self 349
Social Support Groups 349
Talking to Others 349
Positive Thinking 349
Compassion Satisfaction 350
Changing Stress-Producing Thoughts 350
Law of Attraction 351
EXERCISE 11.6 Qualities I Admire in Others 352
Changing or Adapting to Distressing
Events 352
Personal Pleasures 353

Overcoming Procrastination 353
Swiss Cheese Approach 353
EXERCISE 11.7 Ending My Procrastination 354
Other Suggestions 355
EXERCISE 11.8 Stress Management Techniques
for Me 355
EXERCISE 11.9 Developing a Self-Care Improvement
Plan 356

Summary 357
Group Exercises 357

EXERCISE A Resolving Current Stressors 357
EXERCISE B Relaxation through Meditation 358
EXERCISE C Setting High-Value Goals and Tasks 360
EXERCISE D Time Diagram 361
EXERCISE E Ending Procrastination 361

Competency Notes 362
Key Terms and Concepts 362

Chapter 12
Treatment Groups 363
Starting, Leading, and Ending Treatment

Groups 363
Preparation and Homework 363

EXERCISE 12.1 My Concerns about Participating in a
Treatment Group 365
EXERCISE 12.2 My Concerns about Co-facilitating a
Treatment Group 366

Relaxing before Starting a Session 367
Cues Upon Entering the Meeting Room 367

Strategies for Working with Hostile, Involuntary
Members 367

Seating Arrangements 368
Introduction 368
Clarifying Roles 369
Building Rapport 370

EXERCISE 12.3 The Helper Therapy Principle 370
Exploring Problems in Depth 371

EXERCISE 12.4 Using Tact in Treatment Groups 372
Exploring Alternative Solutions 373
Stages of Group Development 376
Ending a Session 379
Ending a Group 380
Co-Facilitating Treatment Groups 383
Legal Safeguards for Group Facilitators 384
Setting Professional Boundaries With

Clients 385
EXERCISE 12.5 Boundaries with Clients 386

The Therapeutic Factors: What it is That
Heals 387
EXERCISE 12.6 What Causes Positive Changes through
Counseling 389

Selecting Intervention Strategies: Evidence-
Based Practice 389

Summary 391
Group Exercises 392

EXERCISE A Developing Counseling Skills with
Role-Playing 392
EXERCISE B Group Treatment in Action 392
EXERCISE C Facilitating an Intervention Group 393
EXERCISE D Who Am I? 394
EXERCISE E The Miracle Workers 395
EXERCISE F Clients I Would Find Difficult to Work With 396
EXERCISE G Feeling Good about Ourselves 397
EXERCISE H Self-Fulfilling Prophecies 397

Competency Notes 398
Key Terms and Concepts 399

Contentsxii

Chapter 13
Treatment Groups with
Diverse and Vulnerable
Populations 400
Introduction 400
Group Work with Adolescents 401

EXERCISE 13.1 Anger Management Group 403
EXERCISE 13.2 “Own Your C.R.A.P. ” 405

Group Work with People who have an Eating
Disorder 407
EXERCISE 13.3 Body Image Group 408
EXERCISE 13.4 Fear Food Group 410
EXERCISE 13.5 Mirror Reflection Image Group 411

Group Work with Individuals Affected
by Domestic Violence 412
Group Work with Victims of Domestic Violence 413
Group Work Exercises with Victims of Domestic
Violence 414
EXERCISE 13.6 Empowerment Role-Play 414
EXERCISE 13.7 Safety Planning 416
Group Work with Children and Other Witnesses of
Domestic Violence 419
Group Work Exercises with Children and Other
Witnesses of Domestic Violence 420
EXERCISE 13.8 Feeling Identification Exercise 420
EXERCISE 13.9 Stress Relief and Deep-Breathing Exercise 422
Group Work with Offenders of Domestic Violence 424
Group Work Exercises with Offenders 425
EXERCISE 13.10 “Bail Out” Exercise 425
EXERCISE 13.11 Empathy Role-Play 428

Group Work with People Who Are
Grieving 429
Stage One: Denial 430
Stage Two: Rage and Anger 430
Stage Three: Bargaining 430
Stage Four: Depression 430
Stage Five: Acceptance 430

Westberg Model 431
Shock and Denial 431
Emotions Erupt 431
Anger 431
Illness 431
Panic 431
Guilt 431
Depression and Loneliness 431
Reentry Difficulties 432
Hope 432
Affirming Reality 432

Grief Management in Groups 432
EXERCISE 13.12 Coping with a Loss 433
EXERCISE 13.13 Recognizing That Life Is Terminal 435

EXERCISE 13.14 Achieving Closure in a Lost Relationship 439
EXERCISE 13.15 Epitaphs 440

Group Work with Older Adults 441
Introduction 441
How Group Work Can Be Used with Older Adults 442
Reality Orientation 443
Validation Therapy 443
Remotivation Therapy 443
Reminiscence Groups 443
Topic-Specific Groups 444
Health-Related Groups 444
Groups for Family Members 444
Psychotherapy Groups 444
EXERCISE 13.16 Things That Go Together 445
EXERCISE 13.17 Would You Rather? 447
EXERCISE 13.18 Balloon Pop and Reminisce 448

Summary 449
Group Exercises 450

EXERCISE A Designing a Group Treatment Exercise 450
Competency Notes 450
Key Terms and Concepts 450

Chapter 14
Termination and Evaluation
of a Group 451
Termination 451

EXERCISE 14.1 The Emotions Involved in Leaving a Group
That Is Important to You 452
Termination of a Successful Group 453
Termination of an Unsuccessful Group 453
A Member Dropping Out 454
EXERCISE 14.2 The Experience of Being Rejected 455
Transfer of a Member 456
The Leader’s Leaving 456
EXERCISE 14.3 The Experience of a Significant Person
Leaving 457

Evaluation 457
Process Evaluation 457

EXERCISE 14.4 Your Process Evaluation of a Group 458
Outcome Evaluation 459

EXERCISE 14.5 …