Saudi Electronic University Leadership Styles Discussion Questions

Chapter 2: Trait Approach
Description (1 of 17)
? Leadership trait research became
common in the 20th century.
? Originally focused on ?great man? theories.
? Stogdill reviewed the literature on
leadership traits in both 1948 and 1974.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (2 of 17)
? Did not decrease modern interest in the
trait approach.
? Interest after the election of Obama.
? Jung and Sosik (2006) found charismatic
leaders qualities
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (3 of 17)
? Stogdill?s 1948 literature review found
these differences between leaders and
group-members:
?
?
?
?
Intelligence.
Alertness.
Insight.
Responsibility. (cont.)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (4 of 17)
?
?
?
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Initiative.
Persistence.
Self-confidence.
Sociability.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (5 of 17)
? Stogdill?s 1974 literature review found
these differences between leaders and
group-members:
?
?
?
?
Drive for responsibility/task completion.
Vigor/persistence.
Risk-taking/originality.
Socially initiative. (cont.)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (6 of 17)
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?
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Self-confidence/personal identity.
Accepts consequences.
Absorbs interpersonal stress.
Tolerates frustration/delay.
Influences others.
Structures social interaction systems.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (7 of 17)
? Mann?s 1959 study found these qualities in
powerful leaders:
?
?
?
?
?
?
Intelligence.
Masculinity.
Adjustment.
Dominance.
Extraversion.
Conservatism.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (8 of 17)
? Kirkpatrick and Locke?s (1991) six traits of
leadership:
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?
?
?
?
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Drive.
Motivation.
Integrity.
Confidence.
Cognitive ability.
Task knowledge.
? Authors believed these traits could be innate or
acquired.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (9 of 17)
? The 1990s saw a focus on social intelligence, a
combination of:
? Social awareness.
? Social acumen.
? Self-monitoring.
? Responses informed by situational awareness.
? Research typically converges on five leadership traits:
? Intelligence.
? Self-confidence.
? Determination.
? Integrity.
? Sociability.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (10 of 17)
Intelligence
? Leaders tend towards higher IQs.
? Strong verbal, perceptual, and reasoning
abilities.
? Optimally, leaders should be just over 1
standard deviation of IQ above followers.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
11
Description (11 of 17)
Self-Confidence
? The ability to be certain about one?s
competencies and skills.
? Influencing followers is easier when one
feels:
? High self-esteem.
? High self-assurance.
? The belief that one can make a difference.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (12 of 17)
Determination
? The desire to get the job done.
? Leaders are assertive, proactive, and dedicated.
? Component characteristics:
?
?
?
?
?
Initiative.
Persistence.
Dominance.
Drive.
?Grit,? which influences recovery from setbacks.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (13 of 17)
Integrity
? Honesty and trustworthiness.
? Highly principled and accept responsibility.
? Loyal and dependable.
? Followers trust a leader with integrity to
deliver on their promises.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (14 of 17)
Sociability
? Inclination to seek out pleasant social
relationships.
? Friendly and outgoing.
? Tactful, diplomatic, and courteous.
? Sensitive to others? needs.
? Good interpersonal skills.
? Forge cooperative relationships with
followers.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (15 of 17)
Five-Factor Personality Model and Leadership
? Research indicates the ?Big 5? personality
traits:
?
?
?
?
?
Extraversion (surgency).
Conscientiousness.
Openness (intellect).
Neuroticism.
Agreeableness.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (16 of 17)
Strengths and Leadership
? Everyone has strengths or talents.
? Good leaders leverage their own strengths as
well as those of their followers.
? Character strengths and virtues can improve
leaders/leadership.
? Integrity is the primary contributor to
differences in executive performance.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (17 of 17)
Emotional Intelligence
? Emotional intelligence is the interplay of:
? The affective domain: emotions.
? The cognitive domain: thoughts.
? Components of emotional intelligence:
?
?
?
?
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Perceiving and expressing emotion.
Using emotion to facilitate thinking.
Understanding and reasoning with emotions.
Managing emotions in oneself and relationships.
Not a fixed characteristic; can be trained.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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How Does the Trait Approach
Work?
?
?
?
?
Focuses exclusively on the leader.
Leader?s traits are central.
Designated leadership profiles.
Traits assessments for personal
development
Author, Title and Edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2018.
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Strengths
?
?
?
?
Intuitively appealing.
Extensive body of research.
Benchmarks for growth.
Helps organizations identify and train
leaders.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Criticisms
? No definitive list of traits.
? Does not consider situational influences.
? Highly subjective determinations of the most
important leadership traits.
? Hasn?t connected traits to specific leadership
outcomes.
? Limited usefulness for training and
development.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Application
? Provides direction for personal
development.
? Helps managers to:
? Assess their current role in an organization.
? Determine their leadership strengths.
? Develop ways of strengthening their position
within the organization.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
22
Chapter 3: Skills Approach
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
Description (1 of 22)
? Leader-centered perspective on
leadership.
? Focus on developing abilities.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (2 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach.
? Katz (1955).
? Three basic skills: technical, human,
conceptual
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (3 of 22)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (4 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach: Technical Skills (1 of 2).
? Knowledge.
? Competencies.
? Analytical ability.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (5 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach: Technical Skills (2 of 2).
? Appropriate techniques.
? Producing products.
? Important in lower and middle
management.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (6 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach: Human Skills (1 of 2).
? Ability to work with people.
? Followers.
? Peers.
? Superiors.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (7 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach: Human Skills (2 of 2).
? Assist group members.
? Adapt ideas.
? Create atmosphere of trust.
? Sensitivity.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (8 of 22)
Three-Skill Approach: Conceptual Skills (1 of 2).
? Work with ideas and concepts.
? Abstract skills.
? Ideas shaping organizations.
? Put goals into words.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (9 of 21)
Three-Skill Approach: Conceptual Skills (2 of 2).
? Understand economic principles.
? Central to creating strategic plan.
? Important at top management levels.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (10 of 21)
Skills Model.
? Established in 1990s U.S. Army.
? Significant questions framed research.
? Capability models.
? Mumford?s skill-based model.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (11 of 21)
Skills Model: Individual Attributes (1 of 2).
? General cognitive ability.
? Crystallized cognitive ability.
? Motivation.
? Willingness.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (12 of 21)
Skills Model: Individual Attributes (2 of 2).
? Dominance.
? Social good.
? Personality.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (13 of 21)
Skills Model: Competencies (1 of 3).
? Problem-solving skills.
? Developing process.
? Social judgment and social skills.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (14 of 21)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (15 of 21)
Skills Model: Competencies (2 of 3).
? Perspective taking.
? Social perceptiveness.
? Behavioral flexibility.
? Social performance.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (16 of 21)
Skills Model: Competencies (3 of 3).
? Knowledge.
? Schema.
? Experts.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (17 of 21)
Skills Model: Influences on Skills
Development.
? Career experiences.
? Overcoming challenges develops leaders.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (18 of 21)
Skills Model: Environmental Influences (1 of 2).
? Internal environmental influences.
? External environmental influences.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (19 of 21)
Skills Model: Environmental Influences (2 of 2).
? COVID-19 pandemic.
? Nonspecific element of skills model.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (20 of 21)
Skills Model: Leadership Outcomes.
? Effective problem solving.
? Performance.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (21 of 21)
Skills Model: Summary of the Skills Model.
? Five components.
? Three competencies.
? Determine effectiveness.
? Impacts on competencies.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
22
How Does the Skills Approach
Work? (1 of 3)
? Primarily descriptive.
? Not prescriptive.
? Provides structure.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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How Does the Skills Approach
Work? (2 of 3)
? Katz?s three-skill approach.
? Divides needed skills by management
level.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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How Does the Skills Approach
Work? (3 of 3)
? Mumford et al.?s skills model.
? Leader success based on three factors.
? Problem-solving skills, social judgment skills,
knowledge.
? Personal attributes also instrumental.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Strengths
?
?
?
?
Leader-centered focus on skills.
Accessible.
Expansive view.
Aligns with leadership education
programs.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Criticisms
? Too broad.
? Weak predictive value.
? Not necessarily applicable to other
contexts.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Application
? Not widely used.
? Helps identify strong and weak
skills.
? Template.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Chapter 4: Behavioral Approach
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
Description (1 of 14)
? Two leadership behaviors.
? Task behaviors.
? Relationship behaviors.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (2 of 14)
Task and Relationship Behaviors: Task
Orientation.
? Focus on accomplishment.
? Organize, define, facilitate production.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
3
Description (3 of 14)
Task and Relationship Behaviors:
Relationship Orientation.
? Focus on connections.
? Build camaraderie, respect, trust with
followers.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
4
Description (4 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
The Ohio State Studies (1 of 2).
? Constructed from 1,800+ behaviors.
? LBDQ administered widely.
? Stogdill?s LBDQ-XII: top tool in leadership
research.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
5
Description (5 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
The Ohio State Studies (2 of 2).
? Initiating structure behaviors.
? Consideration behaviors.
? Best leaders high in both behaviors.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (6 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
The University of Michigan Studies.
? Small group focus.
? Employee orientation.
? Production orientation.
? Results contradictory and unclear.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (7 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Blake and Mouton?s Managerial (Leadership) Grid
(1 of 3).
? Best-known model of managerial behavior.
? Concern for production.
? Concern for people.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (8 of 14)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (9 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Blake and Mouton?s Managerial (Leadership) Grid
(2 of 3).
? Authority-Compliance (9,1).
? Country-Club Management (1,9).
? Impoverished Management (1,1).
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (10 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Blake and Mouton?s Managerial (Leadership) Grid
(3 of 3).
? Middle-of-the-Road Management (5,5).
? Team Management (9,9).
? Dominant and backup style.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (11 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Paternalism/Maternalism.
? Uses 1,9 and 9,1 styles.
? ?Benevolent dictator.?
? Dissociates people from tasks.
? Described as fatherly or motherly.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (12 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Opportunism.
? Personal advancement.
? Adapt for personal advantage.
? May be ruthless or adaptable.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (13 of 14)
Historical Background of the Behavioral Approach:
Recent Studies.
? Integrated Model of Leadership Behavior
(IMoLB).
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Description (14 of 14)
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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How Does the Behavioral Approach
Work?
? Broad assessment framework.
? Describes leader behaviors.
? Task and relationship levels.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
16
Strengths
? Represents shift in leadership research.
? Validated by several studies.
? Importance of task and relationship
behaviors.
? Allows leaders to learn about
themselves.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
17
Criticisms (1 of 2)
? Research not linked to outcomes.
? Varied follower perceptions.
? No universal leadership style.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Criticisms (2 of 2)
? Other influences on leader effectiveness.
? Favors high task?high relationship.
? Reflects U.S. norms and values.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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Application
? Easy to apply.
? Training and development programs.
? Wide task-based application.
Northouse, Leadership, 9th edition. ? SAGE Publications, 2021.
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SEU MGT560
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric – Module 2
Exceeds
Expectation
Content, Research, and Analysis
21-25 Points
Requirements
Includes all of the
required
components, as
specified in the
assignment.
21-25 Points
Content
Demonstrates
substantial and
extensive
knowledge of the
materials, with no
errors or major
omissions.
25-30 Points
Analysis
Provides strong
thought, insight,
and analysis of
concepts and
applications.
13-15 Points
Sources
Sources go above
and beyond
required criteria
and are well
chosen to provide
effective
substance and
perspectives on
the issue under
examination.
Mechanics and Writing
5 Points
Demonstrates
Project is clearly
college-level
organized, well
proficiency in
written, and in
organization,
proper format as
grammar and
outlined in the
style.
assignment. Strong
sentence and
paragraph
structure, contains
no errors in
grammar, spelling,
Meets Expectation
Below Expectation
16-20 Points
Includes most of
the required
components, as
specified in the
assignment.
16-20 Points
Demonstrates
adequate
knowledge of the
materials; may
include some
minor errors or
omissions.
19-24 Points
Provides adequate
thought, insight,
and analysis of
concepts and
applications.
10-12 Points
Sources meet
required criteria
and are adequately
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
11-15 Points
Includes some of
the required
components, as
specified in the
assignment.
11-15 Points
Demonstrates fair
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes some
major errors or
omissions.
4 Points
Project is fairly well
organized and
written and is in
proper format as
outlined in the
assignment.
Reasonably good
sentence and
paragraph
structure, may
include a few
3 Points
Project is poorly
organized and
written and may
not follow proper
format as outlined
in the assignment.
Inconsistent to
inadequate
sentence and
paragraph
development,
13-18 Points
Provides poor
though, insight,
and analysis of
concepts and
applications.
7-9 Points
Sources meet
required criteria
but are poorly
chosen to provide
substance and
perspectives on the
issue under
examination.
Limited Evidence
6-10 Points
Includes few of the
required
components, as
specified in the
assignment.
6-10 Points
Fails to
demonstrate
knowledge of the
materials and/or
includes many
major errors or
omissions.
7-12 Points
Provides little or no
thought, insight,
and analysis of
concepts and
applications.
4-6 Points
Source selection
and integration of
knowledge from
the course is
clearly deficient.
1-2 Points
Project is not
organized or well
written and is not
in proper format as
outlined in the
assignment. Poor
quality work;
unacceptable in
terms of grammar,
spelling, APA style,
SEU MGT560
Critical Thinking Writing Rubric – Module 2
APA style, or APA
citations and
references.
Total points possible = 100
minor errors in
grammar, spelling,
APA style, or APA
citations and
references.
and/or includes
numerous or major
errors in grammar,
spelling, APA style
or APA citations
and references.
and APA citations
and references.

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