Running head: THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
The Gig Economy as a Social Issue
Name: Eliezer Bonilla Acevedo
Institution: Excelsior Collage
Date: September 29, 2020
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THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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The Gig Economy as a Social Issue
Introduction
The labor market has experienced great evolutions over the years. Similarly, the platform
labor economy is considered by Wood et al., (2019) as one of the emergent employment avenues
that generated a wide range of job opportunities for the category of job seekers that are in deep
desire of an avenue that does not only foster operational flexibility but also innovation. Burtch,
Carnahan and Greenwood (2018) describe gig economy as the incorporation of platforms that
make use of technologies to offer employment opportunities by on a per-task basis. However, gig
work is associated with low pay rates, temporal basis, and lacks certain essential benefits such as
health insurance, retirement benefits and effective training. On the other hand, Burtch, Carnahan
and Greenwood (2018) explain that the populaces who engage in gig platforms take it as an
option of avoiding the high rates of unemployment and low income opportunities availed by the
labor market. The tensions that exist between the opportunities availed by the labor market and
necessity as presented by the job seekers have played an essential role in the endeavors of fueling
the emergence and thriving of the gig economy. Despite its nature as a small phenomenon, the
gig economy is growing slowly, yet steadily. As such, effective implementation of the gig
economy in the United States will be of critical essence in the process of addressing the
prevailing unemployment challenges by increasing the employment slots, building trust in work
settings, aiding the struggling organizations to retain and maintain their workforces and creating
the country’s gross domestic product (GDP).
The gig economy has played a significant role in the process of trust-building by building
an environment that fosters trust between the employee and the employer. Wood et al., (2019)
explain that most of the freelance work platforms tend to incorporate reputation rating systems
THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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that allow the associated stakeholders to rate each other’s performance as a strategy of
minimizing informational asymmetries that may act as hindrances to direct online transactions.
The researchers explain that while some of the technologically assembled reputation rating
systems tend to present with inflated ratings particularly when the unsatisfied consumers develop
reluctance in their efforts of availing negative evaluations, it is important to note that most of
these systems have worked well considering the conventional notion that higher ratings tend to
attract higher incomes and intense transactions.
The gig economy has imposed positive influences on the country’s local investment
activities. Wood et al., (2019) explain that the emergent per-task based employment platforms
have availed a wide range of employment opportunities among the American youths as well as
the underpaid employees who are in deep pursuits for opportunities that will avail them with
passive income. For instance, Burtch, Carnahan and Greenwood (2018) reveal that the gig
economy in the United States and the greater European Union region has been of great essence in
creating freelance employment opportunities in the driving industry by availing online taxi
ordering systems such as Uber and TaskRabbit which have in turn availed unemployed youths
with active sources of income. On the other hand Meyer (2016) explain that gig systems have
been of great influence in the pursuits of taking advantage of the American economy that thrives
on capitalistic ideologies to create a long lasting solution towards the issues of unemployment
and underemployment by availing ample platforms through which the affected populaces can
work on contractual bases. Such a premise has allowed the underpaid Americans to engage in
part-time employment opportunities which boost their incomes. Similarly, the gig economy has
taken advantage of online platforms to create employment opportunities for the skilled yet
unemployed populaces in the United States as a way of minimizing the would-be effects of
THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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conflicts of interest. Wood et al., (2019) consider online contracts that offer employment
opportunities for marketers and advertisers as essential examples of such platforms. A critical
analysis of the gig economy reveals its position as o-ne of the most effective solutions to the
challenge of unemployment as depicted by the United States and other global economies. The
gig economy avails employment opportunities through innovative platforms such as the internet
on contractual basis and short-term engagements. Similarly, such avenues present both the
unemployed and underemployed populaces with an opportunity to earn passive incomes.
The gig economy has made significant contributions in the processes of restoring the
economic states of a range of struggling organizations. Burtch, Carnahan and Greenwood (2018)
explain that the fact that gig employees only operate on short contracts reveal their abilities to
reduce the operation costs incurred by most of the struggling firms. Such a premise aids the
initially struggling firms to generate greater profit margins and maintain their operations despite
the hard economic times they are exposed to. On the other hand, Meyer (2016) demystifies that
compared to the process of hiring employees on permanent terms; the process of adopting
contracts for employees is highly effective in availing the human resources needed to get certain
short-term operations done. In this case, companies tend to take advantage of the cheap labor
provided by the gig economy to finish certain sophisticated operations at a reduced cost. There
are tendencies that struggling firms may generate losses or operate at zero profit. However, such
firms are set to benefit from an increase in GDP, reduced costs of operation and e5fficiency by
incorporating the services of gig employees who work effectively at minimal costs. Such
companies might resume to normal operations by incorporating these correctional mechanisms in
the long run. The fact that the gig economy provides cheap labor and a quantitative amount of
talented youths who are willing to take employment opportunities reveals its efficacy in the
THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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processes of bailing the struggling firms. In this case, the associated institutions are most likely
to reap optimal benefits as they will take advantage of the urge presented by the job seekers to
minimize their operational costs; an aspect that will increase their profit margins which in the
long run fosters ample operationalization of such organizations.
The gig economy has a direct positive effect to the country’s economic situation as it
leads to an increase in the population of employed individuals, and operational efficiency of the
associated firms. Burtch, Carnahan and Greenwood (2018) explain that an upward trend in the
number of employed individuals in a population has a strong positive correlation with the
amounts of revenue earned by the country under consideration. The researchers demystify that
besides providing employment opportunities, firms that hire employees on contractual terms tend
to benefit their local and central governments’ revenue collection operations by making
contributions in the form of licensure fees, and taxes which make direct contributions to the
GDPs of these states. on the other hand, Meyer (2016) demystify that the process of reviving the
struggling firms plays an essential role in the process of enhancing government earnings whose
revenues are put to effective economic usages such as the construction of infrastructure that will
benefit the entire economy. As such, the economic benefits attributed to the gig platform are
innumerable considering their abilities to avail the revenues needed to foster socioeconomic
advancements by funding developmental initiatives both at the local and federal levels.
Despite the aforementioned benefits, some scholars have argued against the gig economy
with the view that it should be slowed down based on its adverse effects in the long run.
However, those upholding this school of thought only reveal that such detriments may occur in
instances where the gig economy is applied without undertaking in-depth research. For instance,
Aloisi (2015) argues that the gig economy could present the nation with great adversities
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particularly in its labor operations considering the fact that it only puts a lot of emphasis on
presenting short term and contract-based employment opportunities. The researchers develop the
fears that such an inclination could lead to a shrinking number of people who take permanent
jobs despite the risks involved. Nevertheless, Wood et al., (2019) explain that the gig economy
presents great benefits to the millions of the unemployed youths in the United States and beyond
by availing them with job opportunities even though on a short term basis. On the other hand, the
platform tends to engage the employed yet underpaid to have an extra avenue that will allow
them to boost the income earned on conventional settings. Similarly, the opponents of the gig
economy reveal that the system is highly exploitative as it takes advantage of the populace’s
state of unemployment to foresee their operations. According to Aloisi (2015), such operations
are in contradiction with the legally set labor laws considering the fact that these firms make
exorbitant profit margins. Conversely, one needs to comprehend the fact that companies incur
immense costs by engaging their employees on permanent terms. Meyer (2016) explains that the
ability of the gig economy to avail short term contracts reveals its efficacy in the prevailing
conditions. The scholars explain that even though the gig economy offers employment
opportunities at minimal rates, it avails multiple benefits in terms of reducing the levels of
poverty and unemployment while enhancing the living standards of the contributing populaces.
In conclusion, the research gives an explicit revelation of the extents to which the
introduction of the gig economy led to a great decline in the levels of unemployment and
imposition of negative pressure on the local and federal economies. Similarly, the study reveals
that the incorporation of short term online based employment opportunities has played a
significant role in the process of availing the struggling American investors and companies with
a platform of saving on the production costs and a way of enhancing administrative incomes in
THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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the form of licenses and taxes. Such advancements do not only increase the amounts of revenue
collections but also play a great role in the process of developing the country’s GDP.
Considering the fact that the benefits presented outweigh the demerits, and then the gig economy
must be upheld as one of the easiest way of availing sustainable solutions to the challenge of
unemployment and the dwindling economy. However, ethical labor laws need to be incorporates
as a way of dealing with the effects of cheap labor and employee manipulation. As such, the gig
economy is the only sustainable solution to the ballooning rates of unemployment in the United
States. Therefore, there is need for future scholarly works to initiate deeper researches on the
most effective ways of minimizing its demerits while increasing its advantages.
THE GIG ECONOMY AS A SOCIAL ISSUE
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References
Aloisi, A. (2015). Commoditized workers: Case study research on labor law issues arising from a
set of on-demand/gig economy platforms. Comp. Lab. L. & Pol’y J., 37, 653.
Burtch, G., Carnahan, S., & Greenwood, B. N. (2018). Can you dig it? An empirical examination
of the gig economy and entrepreneurial activity. Management Science, 64(12), 54975520.
Meyer, E. L. (2016, March 18). The gig economy. CQ Researcher, 26-265-288. Retrieved from
http://library.cqpress.com/
Wood, A. J., Graham, M., Lehdonvirta, V., & Hjorth, I. (2019). Good gig, bad gig: autonomy
and algorithmic control in the global gig economy. Work, Employment and Society,
33(1), 56-75.
11:20
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GEOL108: EARTH SCIENCE
AND SOCIETY JAN2022
30081097 [8wk]
M7.4 Project Work: Lithosphere
Analysis and Final Presentation
Creation
T
M7.4 Project Work: Lithos-
phere Analysis and Final Pre-
sentation Creation
Points 100
Due Sunday by 11:59pm
Submitting a file upload
SEN
CERRADO
polo
Evaluate
Geologic resources include geologic hazards,
groundwater, caves, and karst features, paleontological
(fossil) resources which serve as the landscape
foundations that support diverse ecosystems preserving
the lands for current and future generations sustaining
the long-term health and biological diversity of
ecosystems
Module 7 Project Work Part 1:
Lithosphere Analysis
If the earth
In this module, you will
complete the collection of data
for the NRI for the community
you care about by selecting one
lithospheric element relative to
your community
was an apartment,
we wouldn’t be
getting our security
deposit back.
Research the state of the
lithosphere in your study
Jim Shubert
area
Below are resources that may help you identify elements
that are affecting the geologic resources in and around
your community.
• Potentially active volcano hazards e
• Seismic hazards by state 2
• Landslide hazards 2
• Coastal Change
hazards portal e
As was the case with your other spheres, you should
explore both causes and effects relative to your selected
lithospheric element.
However, rather than completing a distinct written
assignment relative to the lithosphere, you will be
incorporating your learnings into your final presentation.
See below.
Module 7 Project Work Part 1: Final
Presentation Creation
Your final presentation will be a 10-12 minute
audio/visual presentation created (using the technology
1
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3
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11:20
LTE الده
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Video Presentation GEOL 108
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
19 pts
A
17 pts
B
15 pts
с
13 pts
D
11 pts
F
O pts
F
No
submission
Structure and
Organization
The work has a
well-crafted
structure and
organization,
including an
introduction,
body, and
conclusion.
The work
contains
effective
transitions
and/or topic
sentences that
build upon the
central theme
or thesis
20 pts
A
The work’s
structure and
organization
(introduction,
body, conclusion,
transitions linked
to thesis) enrich
the presentation.
All aspects
addressed with
insightful analysis
of research
findings and
significant
original, well-
supported
recommendations
for future action.
The work follows
an easily
identifiable
structure and
organization
(introduction,
body, conclusion,
transitions linked
to thesis).
Addresses all
aspects of the
assignment in
detail and paints
an accurate
picture of in-
depth research
findings with
original, well-
supported
recommendations
for future action.
The work is
structured and
organized
(introduction,
body, conclusion,
transitions linked
to thesis).
Addresses all
aspects of
assignment in
sufficient depth.
Information
delivered is useful
to audience and
includes original
recommendations
for future action
supported by
scholarly sources.
The work shows
an acceptable
structure and
organization
(introduction,
body, conclusion,
transitions linked
to thesis).
Addresses at least
75% of
assignment but
lacks sufficient
depth.
Recommendations
for future action
are minimal with
limited support.
The work
shows a
basic
attempt to
organize the
material
(introduction,
body,
conclusion,
transitions
linked to
thesis) but
fails to
address more
than 50% of
assignment
in sufficient
depth
20 pts
The work is
unoriginal, off
topic,
inaccurate,
incoherent,
lacks clear
organization
(introduction,
body,
conclusion,
transitions
linked to
thesis) and/or
fails to
demonstrate
any
understanding
of
assignment.
Required
points are not
addressed.
6.5 pts
5.5 pts
F
O pts
F
No
submission
Audio delivery
appears
unrehearsed,
hesitant, or is
Audio Delivery
generates
audience
interest
through skillful
vocal
presentation,
careful
articulation,
pronunciation,
and grammar.
Pace and tone
enhance the
message
not
10 pts
A
Audio delivery
technique
makes the
presentation
compelling. The
speaker’s
delivery is
clearly well
rehearsed with
superior
articulation,
grammar, and
pronunciation
Tone reflects
confidence and
sophisticated
knowledge of
both topic and
speech delivery
style. No vocal
fillers. Possible
9.5 pts
A
Audio delivery
techniques
make the
presentation
thought-
provoking.
Delivery is well
paced with
appropriate
variations in
pace and
rhythm.
Speaker’s
delivery is well
rehearsed with
excellent
articulation,
grammar, and
pronunciation
Speaker’s tone
conveys in-
depth
knowledge of
the topic. No
vocal fillers
used.
8.5 pts
B
Audio delivery
techniques
make the
presentation
interesting,
speaker appears
comfortable and
confident in
knowledge of
topic. Speech is
appropriately
well-paced,
delivered in a
conversational
manner, and
varied in pitch
to enhance the
message.
Acceptable
articulation,
pronunciation,
and grammar;
little or no use
of vocal fillers.
7.5 pts
с
Audio delivery
techniques
makes the
presentation
understandable.
Speaker’s
delivery reflects
acceptable
knowledge of
both topic and
speech delivery
style. Acceptable
use of vocal
variety in
conversational
tone. Acceptable
articulation,
minor
pronunciation or
grammatical
errors, minimal
use of vocal
fillers.
D
Audio delivery
techniques
detracts from the
understandability
of the
presentation.
Speech is stilted,
hesitant and
reflects limited
knowledge of
both topic and
speech delivery
techniques. Vocal
fillers or poor
articulation,
pronunciations,
or grammar
detract from
overall
presentation.
understandable.
Fails to use
acceptable
articulation,
pronunciation,
or grammar.
Excessive use
of vocal fillers
10 pts
19 pts
20 pts
A
15 pts
с
11 pts
F
A
O pts
F
No
submission
Language and
level of
scholarship
College level
language
choices
including
appropriate
vocabulary are
used. Scholarly
sources are
effectively
chosen and
incorporated.
Language
choices are
imaginative,
memorable,
and compelling,
and enhance
the
effectiveness
of the
presentation
Research is
well integrated
Language
choices are
appropriate,
thoughtful
and enhance
the
effectiveness
of the
presentation.
Research is
elaborated
17 pts
B
Language choices
are appropriate,
thoughtful and
generally support
the effectiveness
of the
presentation.
Scholarly research
consistently
referenced in
appropriate
context.
Language
choices are
mundane and
commonplace
and only partially
support the
effectiveness of
the presentation.
Referenced
research is
somewhat
relevant.
13 pts
D
Language choices
are unclear,
inappropriate,
and/or minimally
support the
effectiveness of
the presentation.
Minimal research
referenced and/or
research is
minimally relevant.
20 pts
Language is
clearly below
college level.
Scholarly
references are
absent and
speech
consists
primarily of
opinion
statements or
personal
assertions.
upon.
28.5 pts
25.5 pts
22.5 pts
19.5 pts
30 pts
A
16.5 pts
F
O pts
F
A
B
с
D
No
submission
Images, charts
and graphs
The images,
charts and
graphs are
professional
and provide
additional
information for
the entire
presentation.
The images,
charts and graphs
fully explore the
theme and
improve the
content adding
exceptional
graphic elements
that improve
communication
with the audience
The images,
charts and
graphs support
the theme and
content adding
graphic
elements that
improve
communication
with the
audience
The images,
charts and
graphs
adequately
support the
theme and
content adding
some graphic
elements that
improve
communication
with the
audience
The images,
charts and
graphs
occasionally
support the
theme and
add limited
content
without
helpful
graphic
elements.
The images,
charts and graphs
rarely support
the theme and
content adding
no graphic
elements. There
is limited
communication
of any ideas to
the audience
The images,
charts and
graphs fail to
support the
theme and
content adding
no graphic
elements. There
is poor
communication
of any idea to the
audience
30 pts
Video
elements
20 pts
A
19 pts
A
11 pts
F.
O pts
F
B
с
D
11:20
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A excelsior.instructure.com
Module 7 Project Work Part 1: Final
Presentation Creation
Your final presentation will be a 10-12 minute
audio/visual presentation created (using the technology
of your choosing) that addresses the information you
have collected regarding your analysis of the Atmosphere,
Biosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere of your study
area.
Step 1: Create a Word document overview of your
presentation
Write out what you want to say in your presentation.
• Start with an overview of your community you wrote
in Module 1.
• Next, include the information specific to each of the
four spheres from Modules 3, 5, 6 and 7
• Analyzing the state of these spheres and
discussing causes and effects (not necessarily in
that order).
• Finally, provide a summary of the main points of your
presentation. Do not include images, charts, and
graphs in this document. Save this for your recorded
presentation.
You will need to submit this written piece in a Word
document along with your presentation.
Step 2: Create a 10-12 minute recorded
presentation
Providing your Natural Resources Inventory analysis of
your study area. Approach this as if you are presenting
this information in a town meeting to an audience who
has had no previous involvement or exposure to your
Natural Resources Inventory work.
The goals of your presentation are to…
• Describe elements that have been degraded in your
selected study area and the sources of that
degradation
• Explain interrelationships between different aspects
of the physical environment, especially the
relationship and impacts of the human population.
• Suggest future community activities supporting
community education, conservation priorities, and/or
your ideas for future environmental actions
Presentation guidance:
Record your voice using the written piece and the
visual images as a guide. Being seen on camera is
optional.
o Practice speaking the words several times before
you record so your presentation flows and sounds
professional.
• Use graphs, charts, and images you have collected
throughout the semester to aid your visual
presentation.
o As needed, review this reference article on How
To Take Screenshots
• You can create your presentation using
Vimeo/YouTube, Screencast-O-Matic, or a recorded
PowerPoint.
o See the Course Library Guide to Recording
Effective Presentations e for information on how
to create a presentation using these software
programs. If you want to use different software,
please. check with your instructor first.
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