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11-Explain the main difference between credit risk and operational risk?
TISK
Credit risk: Risk that a change in the credit quality of a counterparty will
مخاطر الائتمان: مخاطر أن التغيير في جودة الائتمان للطرف المقابل سيؤثر .affect the value of a bank’s position
على قيمة مركز البنك.
أربعة أنواع رئيسية من مخاطر الائتمان:
مخاطر التخلف عن السداد: تتعلق بعدم قدرة المدين أو رفضه للوفاء بالتزامات دينه.
Four main types of credit risk:
Default Risk: Corresponds to the debtor’s incapacity or refusal to meet
his/her debt obligations.
Bankruptcy Risk: Risk of actually taking over the collateralized assets of
a defaulted borrowers. In case of a bankrupt company, debt holders are
taking over the control of the company from the shareholders.
Downgrade Risk: Risk that the perceived, creditworthiness of the
borrower or counterparty might deteriorated.
Settlement Risk: Settlement risk is the possibility that one or more parties
will fail to deliver on the terms of a contract at the agreed-upon time.
Failure to perform on settlement can be caused by a counterparty default,
liquidity constraints, or operational issues.
Operational risk:
– Operational risk: Refers to potential losses resulting
from inadequate systems, management failure, faulty
مخاطر التشغيل: تشير إلى الخسائر المحتملة الناتجة عن
الأنظمة غير الملائمة ، وفشل الإدارة ، والضوابط الخاطئة ، .controls, fraud, and human errors
والاحتيال ، والأخطاء البشرية.
Legal and regulatory risks: Usually become
apparent when an counterparty or investor loses
money on a transaction and decides to sue the bank to
avoid meeting obligations.
Human risk factor: Relates to the losses that may
المخاطر القانونية والتنظيمية: تظهر عادة عندما يخسر الطرف المقابل أو المستثمر
المال في إحدى المعاملات ويقرر مقاضاة البنك لتجنب الوفاء بالالتزامات.
عامل الخطر البشري: يتعلق بالخسائر التي قد تنجم عن الأخطاء البشرية. .result from human errors

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