BSC2346 2019 January All Modules Quizzes Latest

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 01 Quiz
Question 1
Which cellular organelle produces ATP, the body’s energy source?
Answers:            
Gogli apparatus
 Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Question 2
What term best describes the genetic allele make up of an individual?
Answers:            
Autosomal dominant
 Genotype
Autosomal recessive
Phenotype
Question 3
The plasma membrane is composed mostly of _____.
Answers:            
Carbohydrates
 Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Calcium channels
Question 4
Which of the following organelles modified, concentrates, and packages lipids?
Answers:            
Peroxisomes
Cytoskeleton
Endoplasmic reticulum
 Golgi apparatus
Question 5
Which organic compound has the primary function of energy storage?
Answers:            
Carbohydrates
 Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Question 6
The plasma membrane is mainly composed of this organic compound?
Answers:            
Nucleic acids
Proteins
 Lipids
Carbohydrates
Question 7
Passive transport can only occur when there is a concentration gradient of low to high for a substance.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 8
Which type of tissue transmits electrical signals?
Answers:            
Connective tissue
 Nerve tissue
Muscular tissue
Epithelial tissue
Question 9
Cellular respiration cannot occur without oxygen.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 10
What choice is NOT true regarding cellular respiration?
Answers:            
Oxygen and Glucose are the main components utilized to make ATP
ATP can be made from lipids and protein metabolism
Carbon dioxide and water are byproducts
 ATP is only utilized by muscle cells
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 02 Quiz
Question 1
Hair and nails are mainly composed of what substance?
Answers:            
Collagen fibers
Melanocytes
Elastic fibers
 Keratin
Question 2
Which choice is NOT true about the epidermis?
Answers:            
 It contains blood vessels and is considered highly vascularized
There are multiple layers of living and dead cells
It is constantly flaked/scraped off
Melanin is secreted within it
Question 3
Which of the following choices makes up the majority of the dermis and contains glands, hair follicles, and muscular tissue?
Answers:            
 Reticular layer
Papillary layer
Stratum basale
Hypodermis
Question 4
Which type of gland is responsible for secreting an oily substance that helps to lubricate and soften the skin and hair?
Answers:            
Apocrine gland
Sebaceous gland
Ceruminous gland
Eccrine gland 
Question 5
Which skin layer is the most superficial?
Answers:            
Hypodermis
 Stratum corneum
Stratum basale
Papillary layer
Question 6         
Melanoma is the most treatable and curable of the types of skin cancer.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 7
What is NOT true of keratinocytes?
Answers:            
 They have a 3-4 month life cycle 
Cell production of keratinocytes can be accelerated in areas of consistent friction
They secrete a waxy protein called keratin
They are the main cell of the epidermis
Question 8
What is NOT a complication of burns?
Answers:            
 Decreased function of immune system
Loss of bodily fluids
Circulatory shock
Infection
Question 9
Which layer of skin is the outer most layer and contains dead cells that are filled with keratin?
Answers:            
 Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum basale
Stratum spinosum
Question 10
What structure and/or substance is NOT found within the dermis?  
Answers:            
 Keratin
Sweat glands
Nerve tissue
Blood vessels
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 03 Quiz
Question 1         
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
Answers:            
Humerus
Phalanges
Femur
Sternum
Question 2
                Which type of bone cell is activated with the release of parathyroid hormone?
Answers:            
Osteogenic
Osteoblast
 Osteoclast
Osteocyte
Question 3
When an epiphyseal plate “closes,” longitudinal growth is no longer possible.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 4
Which statement is true regarding an osteon?
Answers:            
 Canaliculi connect lacunae to the central canal
Osteocytes do not contain blood vessels
Osteons are epithelial cells
Found in both spongy and compact bone
Question 5
The parietal and frontal bones are classified as:
Answers:            
 Flat bones
Long bones
Short bones
Sesamoid bones
Question 6
Which of the following bones can be found in the wrist?
Answers:            
Cuboid
Talus
Calcaneus
 Scaphoid
Question 7         
The trabeculae of spongy bone are well organized and align precisely along lines of stress, which ultimately help bone resist stress.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 8
The organic portion of the extracellular matrix space provides all of the following functions EXCEPT for:
Answers:            
Ability to resist stretch
 Hardness
Tensile strength
Flexibility 
Question 9
Which of the following is classified as a facial bone?
Answers:            
Temporal bone
 Maxilla
Hyoid bone
Occipital bone
Question 10
Which statement is true of parathyroid hormone?
Answers:            
 Increases blood calcium levels
Overall, it will cause a decrease in blood calcium levels
Indirectly inhibits calcium absorption in the intestines
Inhibits the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 04 Quiz
Question 1
Which choice best describes the function T-tubules have within muscle contraction?
Answers:            
 Transmit the action potential deep into the muscle cell
Store and release calcium ions into the cell interior for muscle contraction
Help align the thick and thin filament for contraction
Store glycogen
Question 2
Which of the following proteins blocks the active site on actin during relaxation?
Answers:            
 Tropomyosin
Myosin
Actin
Troponin
Question 3
                Which factor is required to allow for muscle contraction?
Answers:            
Acetylcholine binds to the motor neuron
 Cross bridging of the thick and thin filament
Sodium ions to be present within the muscle fiber’s cytoplasm
Actin heads bind to troponin filament
Question 4
                Which statement is true regarding muscle contraction?
Answers:            
The power stroke occurs when the thick filament binds to the thin filament
The T-tubules store the calcium ions within the internal part of the muscle cell
Tropomyosin protein binds to the actin protein
 ATP is needed to release the thick filament from the thin filament
Question 5
Which statement is NOT true regarding muscle contraction?
Answers:            
Tropomyosin protein covers the binding sites for the thick filament on the actin protein
 ATP is needed for the thick filament to bind to the thin filament
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the calcium ions that are released within the muscle cell
Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that binds to the sarcolemma
Question 6
Which of the following passes through the sarcoplasm, causing the sarcoplasmic reticulum to open its “gates”?
Answers:            
Sodium
ATP
 Action potential
Calcium
Question 7
Which of the following is true of muscle contraction?
Answers:            
The H-zone lengthens during contraction.
The Z-disks move farther apart during contraction.
 ATP is converted to ADP during a power stroke.
The T-tubules release stored sodium and magnesium to initiate an action potential.
Question 8
                Which of the following substances is the neurotransmitter released from motor neurons initiating muscle contraction?
Answers:            
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholinesterase
Dopamine
 Acetylcholine 
Question 9
What statement is true of smooth muscle?
Answers:            
It has a striated appearance when viewed under a microscope
It only contracts through conscious control
Its contraction is controlled by the same mechanism as skeletal muscle
 It is found mainly within internal organs such as the bladder and uterus
Question 10
Fast oxidative muscle fibers do not fatigue quickly due to its rich supply of myoglobin.
Answers:            
True
 False
 
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 05 Midterm Exam
Question 1
Wolff’s law of bone states that bone density is directly related to the dietary ingestion of calcium.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 2
Which statement is true regarding osteoporosis?
Answers:            
It is loss of density of the matrix in spongy bone only
It is most commonly diagnosed in pre-menopausal women
 Vitamin D plays an important role in its prevention
Vertebrae and femoral neck fractures are a common complication in males only
Question 3
Osmosis is the movement of random molecules from a low to high concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 4
Acetylcholine molecules must bind to troponin in order for the muscle contraction process to occur.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 5
Which statement is true of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint?
Answers:            
The glenoid cavity can be found on the clavicle
The bones of the shoulder joint include the humerus, scapula and sternum
The shoulder is among the most stable joints in the body
 The SITS muscle tendons help stabilize the shoulder joint
Question 6
A motor unit is composed of all the muscle fibers that one motor neuron innervates.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 7
Which choice is true regarding bone tissue?
Answers:            
Trabeculae are found within compact bone
The periosteum is the inner, blood cell producing portion of bone
 Osteocytes reside within a little open space called lacuna within bone tissue
One of the organic materials of bone include calcium
Question 8
Parathyroid hormone will cause an increase activity in which of the following cells?
Answers:            
 Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Question 9
Which of the following choices contains ridges that are ultimately responsible for fingerprints?
Answers:            
Flexure lines
 Dermal papillae
Friction ridges
Reticular layer
Question 10
Which cellular organelle is responsible for the production of ATP?
Answers:            
 Mitochondria
Lysosome
Gogli
apparatus
Nucleus
Question 11
Which statement is true of muscular tissue and/or muscle contraction?
Answers:            
A sarcomere consists of thin filaments only
The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores the acetylcholine molecules utilized for muscle contraction
 Slow oxidative muscle fibers contain myoglobin giving these fibers a reddish color
The passing of the action potential from the nerve to the muscle cell occurs because the nerve is in direct contact with the muscle cell
Question 12
Which of the following composes the majority of the epidermis?
Answers:            
Melanocytes
 Keratinocytes
Basal cells
Osteocytes
Question 13
A bursa can reduce the friction of a tendon rubbing over a bone.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 14
Which statement is true regarding muscles?
Answers:            
 The antagonist muscle or muscle group opposes a movement of a particular muscle or muscle group
A sprain is damage to a muscle or its tendon
The insertion point of a muscle is attached to the fixed bone during joint motion
All muscles have multiple origin points
Question 15
Aerobic respiration creates lactic acid as a byproduct but produces far more ATP than anaerobic respiration.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 16
Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system?
Answers:            
Compact bone of flat bones in adults is commonly filled with red bone marrow
External stresses placed on bone (such as exercise) will decrease the bone matrix density
 Osteocytes are “connected” to one another via canaliculi
Osteoclasts secrete collagen fibers to increase bone density
Question 17
Which of the following protein molecules provides the binding site for the myosin heads?
Answers:            
Tropomyosin
 Actin
Troponin
Myofilament
Question 18
Which of the following is found in the dermis layer of skin?
Answers:            
Subcutaneous fat
 Elastic fibers
Granulosum layer
Melanin
Question 19
Which statement is true of articulations (joints)?
Answers:            
Cartilaginous joints are freely moveable
 Cranial bone sutures are classified as fibrous joints
Bursas assist cartilaginous joints function
Tendons are essential to the stabilization of suture joints
Question 20
The process of detaching the thick filament from the thin filament during muscle relaxation requires ATP.           
Answers:            
 True
False
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 06 Quiz
Question 1
An action potential can only be propagated along a myelinated axon.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 2
As long as neurotransmitters are bound to a receptor, ion channels remain open.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 3
Which statement is true regarding the nervous system?
Answers:            
Neuroglia cells are only responsible for providing immunity to the nervous cells
 Depolarization is the reduction of the membrane potential; going from negative to a more positive charge
Neurons can communicate with other cells without the use of neurotransmitters
Damaged myelin on an axon has no effect with its ability to transmit an action potential
Question 4
During relative refractory period, a neuron cannot create another action potential to a stimulus no matter how strong or intense that stimulus is.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 5
The resting membrane potential of a neuron, specifically in the axon, is more negatively charged inside when compared to the extracellular space (outside of the cell)?
Selected Answer:           
 True
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 6
Which statement is true regarding action potentials (nerve impulses)?
Answers:            
An action potential moves from the axon to the soma of a neuron
Is typically only generated in the dendrite portion of a neuron
Neuroglia are solely responsible for creating action potentials
When action potentials reach the axon terminal, they cause the release of neurotransmitters
Question 7
During the repolarization phase of an action potential, the neuron begins to regain its negative internal charge.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 8
Which portion of the neuron processes information?
Answers:            
Dendrites
 Soma
Myelin
Axon
Question 9
Action potential is unique to neurons and muscle cells. Other body cells do not use this process.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 10
Which choice is true regarding myelin sheaths?
Answers:            
Myelin sheaths cover dendrites in the central and peripheral nervous system
Myelin sheaths help release neurotransmitters from the axon terminal
 Myelin sheaths allow for the conduction of nerve impulses (action potentials) to be transmitted faster
Myelin sheaths are composed of astrocytes and satellite cells
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 07 Quiz
Question 1
Which statement is true regarding the spinal nerve and cord?
Answers:            
As a spinal nerve approaches the spinal cord, it separates into lateral and medial roots
 Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen of the vertebrae
The dorsal root of the spinal nerves transmit (carry) information from the central nervous system out to the body
A spinal nerve a single sensory axon and single motor axon
Question 2
Which choice is true regarding the brain stem?
Answers:            
 The midbrain contains visual and auditory reflex centers
One of the pons functions is to control behavior and emotion.
The pons contains nuclei centers that control actions like heart rate, respiratory rate and coughing
The limbic system is part of the medulla
Question 3
Gyri and sulci can be found in which of the following structures?
Answers:            
 Cerebral cortex
Midbrain
Pons
Thalamus
Question 4
Which of the following is considered an ascending tract?
Answers:            
 Spinothalamic tract
Lateral corticospinal tract
Vestibulospinal tract
Anterior corticospinal tract
Question 5
Which statement is true regarding the meninges?
Answers:            
The arachnoid mater is attached directly to the cerebral cortex.
Prescription medications can easily pass through the meninges to treat brain conditions
 The subarachnoid space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
The meninges forms a portion of blood brain barrier
Question 6
The right hemisphere of the brain is primarily responsible for analytical thought and rational thought.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 7
In reference to the spinal cord, both the anterior horn and posterior horn carry afferent neurons.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 8
Which of the following assists in regulation of body temperature and food/water intake?
Answers:            
 Hypothalamus
Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Pons
Question 9
Which part or region of the brain controls and is associated with perceiving information from the general sensory receptors in the skin such as the perception of touch?
Answers:            
Limbic system
Frontal lobe
 Parietal lobe
Wernicke’s region
Question 10
What part of the brain controls and is associated with body posture, balance and equilibrium along with coordination of motor activity?
Answers:            
Frontal lobe
 Cerebellum
Medulla
Occipital lobe
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 08 Quiz
Question 1
Which two major nerves are responsible for sensory (touch) information of the hand?
Answers:            
Ulnar and Radial nerves
Radial and Medial nerves
Axillary and Ulnar nerves
 Ulnar and Medial nerves
Question 2
Which of the following choices forms the Sciatic nerve and branches into the Tibial and Common Fibular Nerves?
Answers:            
Cervical Plexus
Brachial Plexus
Lumbar Plexus
 Sacral Plexus
Question 3
Which of the following choices is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Answers:            
Increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
Increased blood pressure
Dilation of the bronchi in the lungs to increase airflow
 Stimulates elimination of wastes such as feces and urine
Question 4
Upper motor neurons are efferent neurons that originate in the cerebrum or brain stem.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 5
A ganglia is a collection of nerve cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 6
Which of the following choices is true regarding reflexes?
Answers:            
Neural integration (processing) of all reflexes occurs in the brain
 Somatic reflexes activate skeletal muscle
The motor neuron of a reflex arc transmit afferent impulses to the spinal cord
The stretch or tendon reflexes are only present in children under 5 years of age
Question 7
Which major nerve is the largest and thickest nerve in the body and innervates a majority of the entire lower limb?
Answers:            
 Sciatic nerve
Ulnar nerve
Sacral nerve
Axillary nerve
Question 8
Which of the following choices is an effect of the sympathetic nervous system?
Answers:            
Decreased heart rate
Increased blood flow to the gastrointestinal system
 Increased blood pressure
Constriction of the pupils
Question 9
Which statement is true regarding spinal nerves?
Answers:            
The dorsal root of the spinal nerve will contain motor fibers (axons) that innervate the skeletal muscles
 All 31 spinal nerves contain thousands of individual nerve fibers (axons) carrying information to and from the spinal cord
Spinal nerves only innervate the skin, muscles and joints
Each spinal nerve is designated as a motor nerve only or a sensory nerve only
Question 10
Which of the following best describes the deep tendon reflex?
Answers:            
 Muscle contraction occurs when its tendon is stretched quickly in order to protect the muscle/tendon from tearing injury.
It’s always initiated by a painful stimulus
Causes an automatic response that withdrawals the body from a painful stimulus
It accompanies the flexor response to prevent movement.
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 09 Quiz
Question 1
Olfactory tract damage would affect which of your special senses?
Answers:            
Sight
Taste
 Smell
Hearing
Question 2
Which special sense does not depend on an organ with sensory hairs to assist in their function?
Answers:            
Hearing
 Sight
Smell
Taste
Question 3
An irregular shape of the cornea can cause blurred vision and is referred to as:
Answers:            
Glaucoma
Cataracts
 Astigmatism
Conjunctivitis
Question 4
Myopia occurs when the refracted light (focal point) is focused in front of the retina.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 5
The sense of taste involves cranial nerves VII, IX, and X.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 6
Which choice is true regarding the eye?
Answers:            
 A hyperopic eye occurs when the refracted light is focused behind the retina
The sclera is part of the internal eye and changes shape to focus light
A function of the ciliary body is to absorb light and prevent it from scattering around the eye
The lens shape and thickness cannot be adjusted
Question 7
Which statement is true regarding the ear and hearing?
Answers:            
The auditory (Eustachian) tube allows passage of sound waves to the tympanic membrane
 The ear ossicles are connected to the oval window
The semicircular canals vibrate in accordance to the sound waves entering the ear
The spiral organ is found within the external ear
Question 8
Which of the following structures is in direct contact with the tympanic membrane?
Answers:            
 Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Utricle
Question 9
Which statement is true regarding the special senses?
Answers:            
If the olfactory bulb is damaged, an individual’s sense of equilibrium will be partially lost
 If the light entering the eye is refracted on two different areas of the retina, double vision will occur
If an individual is missing a particular category of rod cells, he or she will be colorblind
Conductive hearing loss can result from damaged or dead hair cells (stereocilia)
Question 10
What statement is true regarding the eye?
Answers:            
The fovea centralis of the macula lutea has the highest concentration of rod cells
The muscles of the eye are all controlled by peripheral nerves
 The ciliary processes of the eye secrete the fluid that fills that anterior chamber of the eye
The fovea centralis is the blind spot of the eye
 
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 10 Quiz
Question 1
Which statement is true regarding the adrenal glands?
Answers:            
Adrenal glands are located on the superior portion of the liver
Adrenal glands produce gonadotropins
Hormones secreted by adrenal glands are influenced by growth hormone
 Imbalances of certain hormones secreted by the adrenal glands can lead to Addison’s and Cushing’s disease
Question 2
Which statement is true regarding antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Answers:            
ADH ultimately influences the kidneys to secrete more water, decreasing the body’s overall water retention
ADH is stored in the anterior pituitary
ADH stimulates the release of prolactin secretion too
 ADH will be secreted if the body is dehydrated
Question 3
Which endocrine gland is associated with and directly responsible for increasing and/or decreasing blood sugar levels?
Answers:            
Thyroid gland
Adrenal glands
Thymus gland
 Pancreas
Question 4
In a healthy patient, a decrease in production of Thyroid Hormone (T3 and T4) will cause an increase Thyroid-stimulating Hormone released from the pituitary gland.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 5
Which endocrine hormone is associated with directly decreasing blood sugar levels?
Answers:            
Thyroid hormone
Glucagon
Prolactin
 Insulin
Question 6
Which statement is true regarding the endocrine system?
Answers:            
The pancreas produces and secretes insulin and aldosterone
 Both male and female gonads are influenced by luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
The thyroid only produces and secretes out hormones that influence the body’s metabolism
The pineal gland is located in the lower neck region of the body
Question 7
A goiter is a common feature in which of the following disorders?
Answers:            
Addison’s disease
 Hypothyroidism
Diabetes Type 1
Diabetes Type 2
Question 8
Which endocrine gland is associated with and directly responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol that influence the body’s stress response?
Answers:            
Thyroid gland
 Adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands
Pancreas
Adrenal medulla of the adrenal glands
Question 9
Which statement is true regarding blood calcium levels and the endocrine system?
Answers:            
Calcitonin, melatonin, and aldosterone all have a direct impact on blood calcium levels
Calcitonin will increase the activity of osteoclasts
 Parathyroid hormone will increase the production of vitamin d and absorption of calcium within the gastrointestinal tract
Parathyroid hormone is produced and secreted by the thyroid gland
Question 10
Secretion of both Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) is stimulated by which of these hormones?
Answers:            
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
 
BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 11 Final Exam
Question 1
Which statement is true regarding the special senses?
Answers:            
Rod and cone cells are the only two types of gustatory cells
 Sensory hair cells of the olfactory bulb bind molecules within the nose that ultimately allow for the sense of smell
The cochlea within the inner ear allows for the sense of equilibrium
The pupil is responsible for refracting incoming light
Question 2
Which region of the brain stem is associated with nuclei centers that control various autonomic activities such as sneezing, coughing and respiration rate?
Answers:            
Diencephalon
 Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Question 3
Which statement is true of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?
Answers:            
Anaerobic respiration utilizes oxygen and glucose to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
 Aerobic respiration produces more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules compared to anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration produces no waste products
Cells can only perform aerobic respiration to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Question 4
Blockage of the auditory (Eustachian) tube can result in conductive hearing loss.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 5
Which statement is true regarding myelin sheaths?
Answers:            
Myelin sheaths are found only on neurons in the peripheral nervous systems
Myelin sheaths allow for action potentials to be transmitted faster within the dendrites of neurons
 The spaces between each myelin sheath are referred to as the “Node of Ranvier”
Collections of myelin sheaths within the nervous system give nerve tissue a dark appearance, which is referred as gray matter
Question 6
Which of the following is found in the epidermis layer of skin?
Answers:            
Subcutaneous fat
Elastic fibers
 Granulosum layer
Melanin
Question 7
All of the following are symptoms of diabetes mellitus, EXCEPT:
Answers:            
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
 Polydrosis
Question 8
Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by insufficient amounts of the element iodine within the body.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 9
Which of the following statements is true of the ciliary body of the eye?
Answers:            
It produces a vitreous humor that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
 It contains muscles that help assist in control the thickness and size of the lens
It is involved in controlling the amount of light that is allowed into the eye
The suspensory ligaments create the color of iris
Question 10
Which endocrine hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and increases the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys increasing blood pressure and blood volume?
Answers:            
Aldosterone
Cortisol
 Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin