BSC2346 2019 January Module 11 Final Exam Latest

BSC2346 Human Anatomy and Physiology I
Module 11 Final Exam
Question 1
Which statement is true regarding the special senses?
Answers:            
Rod and cone cells are the only two types of gustatory cells
 Sensory hair cells of the olfactory bulb bind molecules within the nose that ultimately allow for the sense of smell
The cochlea within the inner ear allows for the sense of equilibrium
The pupil is responsible for refracting incoming light
Question 2
Which region of the brain stem is associated with nuclei centers that control various autonomic activities such as sneezing, coughing and respiration rate?
Answers:            
Diencephalon
 Medulla oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Question 3
Which statement is true of aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration?
Answers:            
Anaerobic respiration utilizes oxygen and glucose to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
 Aerobic respiration produces more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules compared to anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic respiration produces no waste products
Cells can only perform aerobic respiration to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Question 4
Blockage of the auditory (Eustachian) tube can result in conductive hearing loss.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 5
Which statement is true regarding myelin sheaths?
Answers:            
Myelin sheaths are found only on neurons in the peripheral nervous systems
Myelin sheaths allow for action potentials to be transmitted faster within the dendrites of neurons
 The spaces between each myelin sheath are referred to as the “Node of Ranvier”
Collections of myelin sheaths within the nervous system give nerve tissue a dark appearance, which is referred as gray matter
Question 6
Which of the following is found in the epidermis layer of skin?
Answers:            
Subcutaneous fat
Elastic fibers
 Granulosum layer
Melanin
Question 7
All of the following are symptoms of diabetes mellitus, EXCEPT:
Answers:            
Polyphagia
Polyuria
Polydipsia
 Polydrosis
Question 8
Hyperthyroidism is commonly caused by insufficient amounts of the element iodine within the body.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 9
Which of the following statements is true of the ciliary body of the eye?
Answers:            
It produces a vitreous humor that fills the posterior chamber of the eye
 It contains muscles that help assist in control the thickness and size of the lens
It is involved in controlling the amount of light that is allowed into the eye
The suspensory ligaments create the color of iris
Question 10
Which endocrine hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary and increases the amount of water reabsorbed in the kidneys increasing blood pressure and blood volume?
Answers:            
Aldosterone
Cortisol
 Antidiuretic hormone
Oxytocin
Question 11
Which statement is  regarding the dorsal horn of the spinal cord?
Answers:            
It is composed of white matter
 It receives afferent information from the peripheral nervous system
It contains tracts that send impulses to the brain
It provides a pathway for information from the brain to the efferent peripheral nervous system
Question 12
Which organelle is responsible for producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?
Answers:            
 Mitochondria
Nucleus
Lysosome
Ribosome
Question 13
A dermatome is associated with a specific cranial nerve that innervates the body’s skin.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 14
Which statement is true regarding the CNS?
Answers:            
The spinal cord terminates at the sacrum
The white matter of the brain is only found in the cerebellum
 The left hemisphere of the cerebrum primarily controls the right side of the body
Damage to the primary somatosensory center of the brain will result in an inability to move skeletal muscles
Question 15
Which statement is true regarding the skeletal system?
Answers:            
Flat bones are composed completely of compact bone
External stresses placed on bone (such as exercise) will decrease the bone matrix density
 Red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis
Osteoclasts secrete collagen fibers to increase bone density
Question 16
The nerve plexuses of the body allow for individual nerves to have axons from multiple nerve root levels.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 17
The autonomic nervous system will innervate both internal organs and skeletal muscles.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 18
Which endocrine hormone, in higher quantities, can suppress the function of the immune system and decrease inflammation of the body?
Answers:            
Thyroid hormone
 Cortisol
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
Question 19
One of the main functions of the gyri and sulci is to allow for increased surface area of the cerebral cortex.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 20
The cerebellum is primarily involved with conscious thought and emotions.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 21
A ligament can reduce the friction of a tendon rubbing over a bone.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 22
A ligament connects a muscle to a bone, while a tendon stabilizes a joint by connecting or joining one bone to another.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 23
Which statement is true regarding skeletal muscle tissue?
Answers:            
Muscle cells have the exact same structure as cardiac muscle tissue
 The neuromuscular junction is where the neurotransmitters are released and bind to the muscle cell
The muscle cells need little to no adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
The thick and thin filament permanently bind together to allow for muscle contraction to occur
Question 24
Calcitonin will cause an increase activity in which of the following cells?
Answers:            
Osteoclasts
 Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteogenic cells
Question 25
What statement is true regarding the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Answers:            
The efferent division of the PNS is transmits information from sensory receptors to the brain
The somatic division of the PNS refers to the innervation of the internal organs of the body
The ventral root of the spinal nerve transmits afferent information to the spinal cord
 The autonomic nervous system is a branch of the visceral efferent division of the PNS
Question 26
What statement is true regarding reflexes?
Answers:            
Neural integration (processing) of all reflexes occurs in the brain
The sensory neuron of a reflex arc transmit efferent impulses to the spinal cord
The Babinski’s test is testing a specific reflex of the lower motor neurons
 The deep tendon reflex is commonly initiated with a reflex hammer in a neurological examination
Question 27
Which bone cell is activated by calcitonin and is responsible for “building” bone tissue?
Answers:            
Osteocyte
 Osteoblast
Osteogenic
Osteoclast
Question 28
Damage to an upper motor neuron can cause a positive Babinski’s sign.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 29
All of the following are symptoms of hypothyroidism, EXCEPT:
Answers:            
Constipation
Dry and itchy skin
 Increased heart rate
Fatigue
Question 30
The spiral organ contains hair cells that form action potentials when stimulated to allow for the sense of smell to occur.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 31
Which statement is true of dendrites?
Answers:            
They support the immune system of the nervous system
Most neurons have only one dendrite
They transmit information to other neurons and/or cells
 They are the main input regions of the neurons
Question 32
Which type of neuroglia cell forms myelin sheaths on axons within the peripheral nervous system?
Answers:            
 Schwann cells
Ependymal cells
Oligodendrocytes
Astrocytes
Question 33
Which statement is true of epiphyseal plates?
Answers:            
Found in the bone marrow region of long bones
 If active, allows for continued longitudinal (lengthwise) growth of bone
Epiphyseal plates are not present in infants
Typically close around the age of 12 years of age
Question 34
A neurotransmitter bound to a postsynaptic neuron membrane can initiate an action potential.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 35
An increase in the level of thyroid hormone causing a decrease in TRH and TSH is an example of negative feedback.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 36
Energy is created in which cellular organelle?
Answers:            
Gogli apparatus
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
 Mitochondria
Nucleus
Question 37
 
 
Which of the following muscles is considered a rotator cuff muscle?
Answers:            
 Teres minor
Teres major
Pectoralis minor
Rhomboids major
Question 38
Both the epidermis and dermis contain blood vessels.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 39
Which of the following statements is true regarding the eye?
Answers:            
The cornea provides the eye with the ability to adjust the amount of light coming into the eye
 The region of the fovea centralis has a high concentration of cone cells
The blind spot of the eye has a high concentration of rod cells
The choroid of the eye is where the photoreceptor cells are found
Question 40
The melanocytes are the most common cell in the epidermis and produce melanin.
Answers:            
True
 False
Question 41
Which of the following is not an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Answers:            
Constriction of the pupils
Increased blood flow to the digestive system
 Increased respiration rate
Decreased heart rate
Question 42
The epidermis is composed of which type of tissue?
Answers:            
Nervous tissue
Muscular tissue
Connective tissue
 Epithelial tissue
Question 43
Which of the following is a function of cerebrospinal fluid?
Answers:            
Provide chemical stability to the peripheral nervous system
 Provide buoyancy to the brain and spinal cord
Help transmit electrical impulses within the central nervous system
Assist in the protection of the peripheral nervous system
Question 44
Which of the following statements is true regarding the special senses?
Answers:            
Damage to CN II could cause a loss of the ability to taste
The blind spot of the eye contains a high concentration of rod cones
The tympanic membrane is the sense organ for the utricle and saccule
 The cristae ampullaris contains the sensory hair cells that when stimulated, detect rotational movement of the head
Question 45
 
 
Wolff’s law of bone states that bone density is directly related to the stress placed on the bone.
Answers:            
 True
False
Question 46
Which of the following choices best describes the joint between the fontal bone and parietal bones?
Answers:            
Cartilaginous
 Suture
Synovial
Synarthroses
Question 47
Which statement is true regarding articulations?
Answers:            
The cartilage found between two vertebrae is elastic cartilage
 The hip joint is classified as a synovial joint
The knee joint contains a labrum which helps stabilizes the joint
The knee joint has more than ten ligaments that stabilize it
Question 48
Which of the following is NOT necessary for muscle contraction to occur?
Answers:            
Nerve impulse (action potential)
 Sodium ions to bind to the thin filament
Acetylcholine to bind to the sarcolemma receptors
Production and presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Question 49
Which statement is true regarding a spinal (peripheral) nerve?
Answers:            
Each nerve contains a single axon
They can contain afferent axons only
They innervate all regions of the body, including the head
 There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves
Question 50
Peripheral neuropathy can cause damage to axons of peripheral nerves leading to dysfunction of the conduction of an action potential.
Answers:            
 True
False