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Part I (1 point each – 16 points total): For each question, circle and write on the side the correct
response.
1. The difference between the geographic north pole and the magnetic north pole is known as what?
a. Relief
b. Magnetic isolation
c. Azimuth
d. Magnetic declination
2. What is responsible for seasonality?
a. The tilt of Earth’s axis
b. Earth’s rotation
c. Earth’s distance from the sun
d. Elevation
3. The coordinates of Athens, GA are 34°N 83°W. This is an example of what?
a. Relative Location
b. Azimuth
c. Absolute Location
d. Decimal Degrees
4. Which is NOT a true characteristic of a mineral?
A. Naturally occurring
B. Organic
C. Definite chemical composition
D. Crystalline structure
5. A low energy river has _________, & often produces _____.
A. greater erosion than deposition; deep ravines
B. greater deposition than erosion; deep ravines
C. greater erosion than deposition; meanders
D. greater deposition than erosion; meanders
6. Rifts and sea-floor spreading are found at what boundary?
A. Convergent
B. Divergent
C. Transform
D. Strike-Slip
7. The difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks is determined by whether the rock
formed _______________ and the identification characteristic of this is _______________.
A. Inside versus outside the crust’s surface;
the presence or absence of fossils
B. Inside versus outside the crust’s surface;
large versus small crystal sizes
C. In a high versus low energy environment;
the presence or absence of fossils
D. In a high versus low energy environment;
large versus small crystal sizes
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8. A meander that gets cut off from the main stream is known as:
A. Backswamp
B. Oxbow lake
C. Natural levee
D. Sinkhole
9. What is the Moh’s Scale used to assess?
A. Color
B. Luster
C. Hardness
D. Crystalline Structure
10. Which ocean contains the “Ring of Fire”?
A. Atlantic
B. Indian
C. Antarctic
D. Pacific
11. Mauritius is a volcanic island isolated far from any major landmasses and is the youngest island in a
linear chain of other volcanic islands. The islands increase in age the further you get from Mauritius.
How were these isolated volcanic islands formed and where would you find similar islands?
A. Hotspot, Hawaiian Islands
B. Subduction zone, Indonesia
C. Coral reef uplift, Florida Keys
D. Landmass separated by rising sea levels, British Isles
12. What type of sediment would be composed of 60% sand, 30% clay, and 10% silt?
A. Clay
B. Silty Clay Loam
C. Sandy Clay Loam
13. Identify the rock pictured on the right as to its category based on
classification and what it is.
A. Gneiss; sedimentary
B. Gneiss; metamorphic
C. Limestone; sedimentary
D. Limestone; metamorphic
14. Oklahoma had earthquakes in 2011 that were surprising because earthquakes of similar magnitude
had not been felt in nearly 100 years and are an extremely rare event. Based on your knowledge of
plate tectonics, the arrangement of the major plates of the Earth, and the basic landscape of
Oklahoma (think typical Great Plains), what is the most likely cause for these quakes?
A. Earthquakes are simply a hazard living in Oklahoma, a region containing a convergent plate
boundary
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B. This is an intraplate earthquake occurring along an old fault in the center of a major plate,
similar to the New Madrid or Charleston earthquakes
C. These are earth tremors due to magma rising in one of the nearby volcanoes
D. A new divergent rift is forming in the center of North America which will soon split the US in
two. Oklahoma should be evacuated ASAP.
15. Use the figure below to answer the question. ________________ is the first to crystallize and _______________ is the last to crystallize in the Bowen’s Reaction Series.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Olivine; Quartz
Amphibole; Potassium Feldspar
Potassium Feldspar; Amphibole
Biotite; Muscovite
16. The Himalaya Mountains are an example of a ___________ plate boundary and ________________.
A. Continental-Continental;
are volcanic
B. Continental-Continental;
are not volcanic
C. Oceanic-Continental;
are volcanic
D. Oceanic-Continental;
are not volcanic
E. Oceanic-Oceanic;
are volcanic
F. Oceanic-Oceanic;
are not volcanic
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Part II (1 point each – 17 points total): For each question, choose the term(s) that best complete(s) each
sentence.
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Incoming solar radiation is known as (1) _____________________________.
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(2) _____________________________ is the measure of the amount of water in the air.
•
The (3) _____________________________ describes why one side of a mountain range is
desert while the other side of the mountain range is a lush habitat.
•
The study of how landscapes are formed and shaped by moving water is
(4) _____________________________.
•
When floodwaters recede in a low-energy environment, such as a backswamp,
(5) _____________________________ are deposited.
•
(6) _____________________________ “is a non-dimensional, unitless quantity that indicates
how well a surface reflects solar energy.”
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In this class, we characterized three different types of climates:
(7) _____________________________ climates are known for a vast range of temperatures;
(8) _____________________________ climates are balmy year-round and often breezy; and
(9) _____________________________ are notorious for being consistently cold.
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(10) _____________________________ can be defined as “of, relating to, or denoting a group
of light-colored minerals including feldspar, quartz, and muscovite.”
•
To travel the shortest distance across the surface of a sphere is to travel along a
(11) _____________________________.
•
The chemical formula of water is (12) _____________________________ and the fact that the
liquid state is denser than the solid is due in part to the angle between the atoms being
(13) _____________________________.
•
The mantle moving the crust’s plates, the flow of the ocean conveyor belt, and the atmosphere
cells all circulate due to a physical process to regulate temperature and density fluctuations
called (14) _____________________________.
•
Light travels at a constant speed of (15) _____________________________.
•
The (16) _____________________________ is caused by the solar radiation exciting oxygen in
the layer of the atmosphere called the (17) _____________________________ around the
Arctic and Antarctic Circles.
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Part III (1 point each – 7 points total): Label the images with the appropriate key terms as
provided from the corresponding key term box.
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Part IV (8 points each – 48 points total): For each of the following long writing response questions, be
sure to answer it with a paragraph containing complete sentences (minimum 3 sentences per question).
1. What is Science? Describe the steps of the scientific method. In presenting results, what do the
terms of probability and uncertainty convey if used. Differentiate between beliefs and theories.
2. Latitude and Longitude could be compared to the ABCs of geography, but knowing latitude and
longitude was not always easy. Define Latitude and Longitude and elaborate on their differences,
historical consequences, and their relationship to time (such as Daylight Saving Time and the
International Date Line).
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3. Why do we have different map projections? Comparing Cylindrical and Planar projections, what is
each type of projection used for or represent best? (Hint: highlight the main differences between
those projections). Why can’t we decide on one that is the best and use it all the time? What are
some of the properties of maps?
4. For any point on the surface of the earth, atmospheric temperature is can be measured. Define what
temperature is and how it can be determined geographically and represented on a map. (Hint: there
are four factors which influence the atmospheric temperature).
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5. Karst Landscapes are an important geomorphological feature. They are distinguished by a type of
bed rock with certain characteristics and have several features. Describe these things including
stalagmites/stalactites formation, sinkholes, and etc.
6. Oceans are a prominent and familiar feature for Earth but are ironically quite unknown. Describe the
oceanic environment, specifically referencing the 3 feature defining characteristics for each space.
Explore the relation between the ocean and the land and celestial bodies as well as the
interconnectivity of the ocean water even though humans delineate the oceans arbitrarily by name.
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Part V (32 points total): Draw and Label for each of the following questions.
1. (12 points) Illustrate the Earth-Sun relationships illustrating an equinox and a solstice while labeling
certain key terms: Equator, North Pole, South Pole, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle,
Antarctic Circle, Subsolar Point, Tangent Ray, Direct Ray. Also, shade the part that is hidden from the
sun. Include the degrees for each of the latitudes and for the tilt of the Earth.
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2. (8 points) Draw a 16-point compass rose with all the 16 points labeled AND for each point, include the
Azimuth.
3. (6 points) Draw the rock cycle with the following terms: Metamorphic, Igneous, Sedimentary, Erosion
and Deposition, Heat and Pressure, and Melting and Cooling.
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4. (6 points) Draw a lunar and a solar eclipse.
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Part VI (3 points each – 42 total): Answer each question using the attached maps. For every question that
requires a calculation, show your work! For questions 1 – 8, use Map 1 and 2 as designated. For the
other questions, use the provided equations.
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℉ = (5) ℃ + 32 OR ℃ = (9) (℉ − 32)
and
℃ = ? − 273.15 OR ? = ℃ + 273.15
???? ?ℎ??? (℉) = 35.74 + 0.6215(?) − 35.75(? 0.16 ) + 0.4275(?)(? 0.16 )
?ℎ??? ? = ??? ??????????? (℉) ??? ? = ???? ????? (??ℎ)
5280 feet = 1 mile
1 mile = 1.609 km
Environmental/Normal Lapse Rate: 6.5°C per 1000 m or 3.56°F per 1000 ft.
1. Compare the total relief for Map 1 and Map 2. Designate whether the maps are high or low relief.
2. What type(s) of scale(s) are present on Map 1?
3. What is the distance in Km between Point A and Point B on Map 1? Use the graphic scale in Km
provided in the top right corner of the map.
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4. What is the contour interval of Map 2?
5. What is the elevation of Point E on Map 2? (Hint: pay attention on the index contours).
6. What is the distance in miles between Point E and Point A on Map 2? Calculate this using the
representative fraction. (Hint: use your ruler to measure the distance in inches, then use the fraction or
cross-multiplication to convert first to real world inches, then those inches to miles).
7. If you were traveling along the stream path from Point I to Point G on Map 2, would you be going
upstream or downstream? How do you know?
8. It is New Year’s Eve (December 31st) in Athens, Georgia and you notice that it is 10°C on the
thermometer next to you. What is this temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and Kelvins?
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9. On New Year’s Day (January 1st), it happens it happens to be a bit windier than the night before. You
happen to find a wind gauge that says the wind is blowing at 10 mph and the temperature is now at
60°F. Using the wind chill equation that you found from your Intro to Environmental Science Class, you
are curious to find out what the temperature feels like due to wind chill. What was your result?
10. You start a journey in Mumbai, India, which lies at sea level where the temperature is 100°F. Then,
you walk 30 miles and you arrive at Dingboche, Nepal (elevation: 13,980 feet). What is the temperature
difference between Mumbai and Dinboche and what is the current temperature at Dingboche?
11. Next day, you travel 10 miles from Dingboche, Nepal to Mt. Everest (elevation: 29,029 feet). What is
the current temperature at Mt. Everest and the temperature difference between Dingboche and Mt.
Everest?
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12. So you somehow ended up in Hawaii for Spring break. Congrats! Determine the azimuth from the
star on Hawai’i to the star on Oahu. Hawai’i is known for being volcanically active, while Oahu has the
airport.
13. (A) Suppose you are trying to measure the distance for how transform fault shifted on a map, and it
measures the distance pictured below (arrow), but you need to figure out what it is meters. Use
following information to calculate it. 😀
Scale Ratio: 1:8,000
(B) Now, let’s say that the line represented the amount that the transform fault had shifted over the last
forty-thousand years. How much did the river shift in centimeters per year?
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14. Using the following table from Igor Shiklomanov’s chapter “World fresh water resources” (1993),
calculate the total cubic miles of all water that is frozen and calculate what percent of all total water is
frozen.
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MAP 2
N
The contour lines are in feet
Part VII (1 point each – 8 total): For the following pages, match the picture to its respective term.
TRELLIS
RECTANGULAR
DENDRITIC
RADIAL
PARALLEL
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SHIELD VOLCANO
STRATOVOLACANO
CINDER VOLCANO
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