The assignment is to write a journal.
As a final journal I want you to summarize the academic journey we have been on. You should reflect here
on lessons learned and take aways.
Your journals must present your own contribution/reflection/impression/understanding of what you have
learned during the lecture.
Think about it from the perspective of your own experience.
I have added notes from 3 topics discussed in class please write the journal with these topics.
Please write the journal entry based on the notes below. Citations are not essential in journal
entries unless you are actively discussinga published thought/ paper. You should always acknowledge the
source of your information, whether concerning facts or arguments. Follow the APA style format
Notes on race and Ethnicity
Race
?Racism involved the belief that one social group is superior and another inferior ? sometimes even sub-human
?Globalization has aggravated race relations, mainly resulting from mass migration (global people flows)
?Rapid influx can result in racism and xenophobia
?Particular problems have been faced in the US and Europe e.g. French riots
Ethnicity
?Closely related to the idea of the nation-state
?Nation-states becoming more porous in globalization partly due to movements of ethnic groups (global people flows)
?Globalization as a threat to national identity?
?Globalization facilitating ethnicity through resistance to global pressures of homogenization?
?Nation-state responses to ethnic minorities vary and are continually developing
Racial and ethnic opression
-Racism
?Belief in the inherent superiority of one racial group ad the inferiority of others
?Xenophobia
?Beliefs, attitudes, and prejudices that reject, exclude, and vilify groups made up of outsiders or foreigners
?Genocide
?Acts committed with the intent to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group
?Ethnic cleansing
?Forcibly removing people of another ethnic group
Notes on Global Economy
Protectionism
?Government intervention in order to encourage domestic production
?E.g. barriers to deter foreign competitors
?Seen as inefficient but attractive as can protect the domestic economy
?Promoting protectionism can lead to trade wars
Alternative Trade Organizations
?Long history – current example is fair trade
?Fair trade is a system of direct trade between marginalized producers (mostly in the global South) and consumers (mostly in the global North) that provides workers with better working conditions, higher pay, increased community development, and more sustainable environmental practices
?Counters neoliberal principles
?Part of ethical consumption trends in North
?Most well known is fair trade coffee
?But potential problems with Fair Trade:
?Limited acceptance by suppliers
?Long term ability to meet mass demand in doubt
?Questions of abuse by retailers
?Limited guarantees on other aspects of production, such as environmental impact and working conditions
?Criticism that it does not go far enough
Helping the Bottom Billion
?Increased aid, but needs to go further
?International norms and standards could be adapted
?Donor countries? interests often play a greater role than recipients? needs in directing aid
?Impacts of foreign aid are mixed
?Reductions in some trade barriers would help
Notes on Global Inequalities
Class Inequality
World sys?s theory
Core, semi-periphery, and periphery
Explains how econ inequalities are created (resources & cheap labour flows from periphery to core gives pwr to core, weakens periphery)
Bottom billion (70% in Africa) face 4 issues:
Conflict trap: n.s internal conflict
Nat resources trap: limiting econ dev bc of excessive dependence on abundant nat resources
Landlocked w bad neighbours
Bad governance trap
Growing global disparities in health>>lower global productivity
Dev n.s face double nutrition problem (too little & too much simultaneously)
Social class: social rankings made on the basis of economic factors such as occupation, wealth, and income
modernization>>less inequality, but others say inequality will only^^
Internet and PC divide also bc of infrastructure (no electricity)
Internet 80% english
Rural-Urban(Agricultural) Inequality
Rise of global agribusiness & factory farms. South prod?s non-traditional goods for export & grow dependent on north exports
Commercial agriculture replace?g local
Rural econ?s exposed to low prices & mass migration
Resistance: farmer, consumer, farm-worker, and indigenous mvmts
Relations of resistance: mvmts opposed to exploitative global practices
Relations of social prod: pop?s survive within institutions that govern mat conditions
Global cities: key cities in global, esp capitalist economy
Tokyo, New York, London, Singapore, Berlin
Inequalities between AND within each city
Megacities: cities w pop >10 mil
Megalopolis: a long chain of interconnected
Cities beneficiary to glob AND most severely affected by glob problems
Faces unique political problems, local solutions fruitlessly attempted
